Long-term deep emission reductions, including the reduction of emissions to net zero, is best achieved through institutions and governance that nurture new mitigation policies, while at the same time reconsidering existing policies that support continued Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions (robust evidence, high agreement). To do so effectively, the scope of climate governance should include both direct efforts to target GHG emissions and indirect opportunities to tackle GHG emissions that result from efforts directed towards other policy objectives. {13.2, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.9}

Institutions and governance underpin mitigation by providing the legal basis for action. This includes setting up implementing organisations and the frameworks through which diverse actors interact (medium evidence, high agreement). Institutions can create mitigation and sectoral policy instruments; policy packages for low-carbon system transition; and economy-wide measures for systemic restructuring. {13.2, 13.7, 13.9}

Policies have had a discernible impact on mitigation for specific countries, sectors, and technologies (robust evidence, high agreement), avoiding emissions of several GtCO2-eq yr–1 (medium evidence, medium agreement) . Both market-based and regulatory policies have distinct, but complementary roles. The share of global GHG emissions subject to mitigation policy has increased rapidly in recent years, but big gaps remain in policy coverage, and the stringency of many policies falls short of what is needed to achieve strong mitigation outcomes (robust evidence, high agreement ). {13.6, Cross-Chapter Box 10 in Chapter 14}

Climate laws enable mitigation action by signalling the direction of travel, setting targets, mainstreaming mitigation into sector policies, enhancing regulatory certainty, creating law-backed agencies, creating focal points for social mobilisation, and attracting international finance (medium evidence, high agreement ). By 2020, ‘direct’ climate laws primarily focused on GHG reductions were present in 56 countries covering 53% of global emissions, while more than 690 laws, including ‘indirect’ laws, may also have an effect on mitigation. Among direct laws, ‘framework’ laws set an overarching legal basis for mitigation either by pursuing a target and implementation approach, or by seeking to mainstream climate objectives through sectoral plans and integrative institutions. {13.2}

Institutions can enable improved governance by coordinating across sectors, scales and actors, building consensus for action, and setting strategies (medium evidence, high agreement). Institutions are more stable and effective when they are congruous with national context, leading to mitigation-focused institutions in some countries and the pursuit of multiple objectives in others. Sub-national institutions play a complementary role to national institutions by developing locally-relevant visions and plans, addressing policy gaps or limits in national institutions, building local administrative structures and convening actors for place-based decarbonisation. {13.2}

Sub-national actors are important for mitigation because municipalities and regional governments have jurisdiction over climate-relevant sectors such as land-use, waste and urban policy; are able to experiment with climate solutions; and can forge partnerships with the private sector and internationally to leverage enhanced climate action (robust evidence, high agreement). More than 10,500 cities and nearly 250 regions representing more than 2 billion people have pledged largely voluntary action to reduce emissions. Indirect gains include innovation, establishing norms and developing capacity. However, sub-national actors often lack national support, funding, and capacity to mobilise finance and human resources, and create new institutional competences. {13.5}

Climate governance is constrained and enabled by domestic structural factors, but it is still possible for actors to make substantial changes (medium evidence, high agreement). Key structural factors are domestic material endowments (such as fossil fuels and land-based resources); domestic political systems; and prevalent ideas, values and belief systems. Developing countries face additional material constraints in climate governance due to development challenges and scarce economic or natural resources. a broad group of actors influence how climate governance develop over time, including a range of civic organisations, encompassing both pro-and anti-climate action groups . {13.3, 13.4}

Mitigation strategies, instruments and policies that fit with dominant ideas, values and belief systems within a country or within a sector are more easily adopted and implemented (medium evidence, medium agreement) . Ideas, values and beliefs may change over time. Policies that bring perceived direct benefits, such as subsidies, usually receive greater support. The awareness of co-benefits for the public increases support of climate policies (robust evidence, high agreement ). {13.2, 13.3, 13.4}

Climate litigation is growing and can affect the outcome and ambition of climate governance (medium evidence, high agreement). Since 2015, at least 37 systemic cases have been initiated against states that challenge the overall effort of a state to mitigate or adapt to climate change. If successful, such cases can lead to an increase in a country’s overall ambition to tackle climate change. Climate litigation has also successfully challenged governments’ authorisations of high-emitting projects setting precedents in favour of climate action. Climate litigation against private sector and financial institutions is also on the rise. {13.4}

The media shapes the public discourse about climate mitigation. This can usefully build public support to accelerate mitigation action, but may also be used to impede decarbonisation (medium evidence, high agreement). Global media coverage (across a study of 59 countries) has been growing, from about 47,000 stories in 2016–2017 to about 87,000 in 2020–2021. Generally, the media representation of climate science has increased and become more accurate over time. On occasion, the propagation of scientifically misleading information by organised counter-movements has fuelled polarisation, with negative implications for climate policy. {13.4}

Explicit attention to equity and justice is salient to both social acceptance and fair and effective policymaking for mitigation (robust evidence, high agreement) . Distributional implications of alternative climate policy choices can be usefully evaluated at city, local and national scales as an input to policymaking. Institutions and governance frameworks that enable consideration of justice and just transitions are likely to build broader support for climate policymaking . {13.2, 13.6, 13.8, 13.9}

Carbon pricing is effective in promoting implementation of low-cost emissions reductions (robust evidence, high agreement) . While the coverage of emissions trading and carbon taxes has risen to over 20% of global CO2 emissions, both coverage and price are lower than is needed for deep reductions. The design of market mechanisms should be effective as well as efficient, balance distributional goals and find social acceptance. Practical experience has driven progress in market mechanism design, especially of emissions trading schemes (robust evidence, high agreement ). Carbon pricing is limited in its effect on adoption of higher-cost mitigation options, and where decisions are often not sensitive to price incentives such as in energy efficiency, urban planning, and infrastructure (robust evidence, medium agreement ). Subsidies have been used to improve energy efficiency, encourage the uptake of renewable energy and other sector-specific emissions saving options (robust evidence, high agreement ). {13.6}

Regulatory instruments play an important role in achieving specific mitigation outcomes in sectoral applications (robust evidence, high agreement) . Regulation is effective in particular applications and often enjoys greater political support, but tends to be more economically costly, than pricing instruments (robust evidence, medium agreement ). Flexible forms of regulation (for example, performance standards) have achieved aggregate goals for renewable energy generation, vehicle efficiency and fuel standards, and energy efficiency in buildings and industry (robust evidence, high agreement ). Infrastructure investment decisions are significant for mitigation because they lock-in high- or low- emissions trajectories over long periods. Information and voluntary programmes can contribute to overall mitigation outcomes (medium evidence, high agreement ). Designing for overlap and interactions among mitigation policies enhances their effectiveness (robust evidence, high agreement ). {13.6}

Removing fossil fuel subsidies would reduce emissions, improve public revenue and macroeconomic performance, and yield other environmental and sustainable development benefits; subsidy removal may have adverse distributional impacts especially on the most economically vulnerable groups which, in some cases can be mitigated by measures such as redistributing revenue saved, all of which depend on national circumstances ( high confidence); fossil fuel subsidy removal is projected by various studies (using alternative methodologies) to reduce global CO2 emissions by 1–4%, and GHG emissions by up to 10% by 2030, varying across regions (medium confidence). {6.3, 13.6}

National mitigation policies interact internationally with effects that both support and hinder mitigation action (medium evidence, high agreement) . Reductions in demand for fossil fuels tend to negatively affect fossil fuel exporting countries (medium evidence, high agreement ). Creation of markets for emission reduction credits tends to benefit countries able to supply credits. Policies to support technology development and diffusion tend to have positive spillover effects (medium evidence, high agreement ). There is no consistent evidence of significant emissions leakage or competitiveness effects between countries, including for emissions-intensive trade-exposed industries covered by emission trading systems (medium evidence, medium agreement ). {13.6}

Policy packages are better able to support socio-technical transitions and shifts in development pathways toward low-carbon futures than are individual policies (robust evidence, high agreement). For best effect, they need to be harnessed to a clear vision for change and designed with attention to local governance context. Comprehensiveness in coverage, coherence to ensure complementarity, and consistency of policies with the overarching vision and its objectives are important design criteria. Integration across objectives occurs when a policy package is informed by a clear problem framing and identification of the full range relevant policy sub-systems. {13.7}

The co-benefits and trade-offs of integrating adaptation and mitigation are most usefully identified and assessed prior to policy making rather than being accidentally discovered (robust evidence, high agreement). This requires strengthening relevant national institutions to reduce silos and overlaps, increasing knowledge exchange at the country and regional levels, and supporting engagement with bilateral and multilateral funding partners. Local governments are well placed to develop policies that generate social and environmental co-benefits but to do so require legal backing and adequate capacity and resources. {13.8}

Climate change mitigation is accelerated when attention is given to integrated policy and economy-wide approaches, and when enabling conditions (governance, institutions, behaviour, innovation, policy, and finance), are present (robust evidence, medium agreement). Accelerating climate mitigation includes simultaneously weakening high carbon systems and encouraging low-carbon systems; ensuring interaction between adjacent systems (e.g. energy and agriculture); overcoming resistance to policies (e.g., from incumbents in high carbon emitting industries), including by providing transitional support to the vulnerable and negatively affected by distributional impacts; inducing changes in consumer practices and routines; providing transition support; and addressing coordination challenges in policy and governance. {13.7, 13.9}

Economy-wide packages, including economic stimulus packages, can contribute to shifting sustainable development pathways and achieving net zero outcomes while meeting short term economic goals (medium evidence, high agreement). The 2008–2009 Global Recession showed that policies for sustained economic recovery go beyond short-term fiscal stimulus to include long-term commitments of public spending on the low-carbon economy; pricing reform; addressing affordability; and minimising distributional impacts. COVID-19 spurred stimulus packages and multi-objective recovery policies that may have the potential to meet short-term economic goals while enabling longer-term sustainability goals. {13.9}

This chapter assesses national and sub-national policies and institutions. Given the scale and scope of the climate challenge, an immediate challenge for this assessment is defining its scope. Because a very wide range of institutions and policies at multiple scales carry implications for climate change, the approach followed here is to embrace a broad approach. Consequently, institutions and policies discussed include dedicated climate laws and organisations (Section 13.2) and direct mitigation policies such as carbon taxes (Section 13.6), but also those, such as sectoral ministries and their policies (Sections 13.6 and 13.7) and sub-national entities such as regional bodies, cities, and their policies (Section 13.5), the implications of which are salient to mitigation outcomes. This approach recognises that there are important linkages with international climate governance (Chapter 14), notably the role of internationally mandated Nationally Determined Contributions’ in stimulating domestic policy development (Section 13.2), transnational networks in spurring sub-national action (Section 13.5), and international effects of domestic policies (Section 13.6).

This encompassing approach to climate governance is also built on a recognition that climate policymaking is routinely formulated in the context of multiple policy objectives such as energy security, energy access, urban development, and mitigation-adaptation linkages. This informs policymaking based on an understanding that to fully maximise direct and indirect climate mitigation potential, maximising co-benefits and minimising trade-offs should be explicitly sought rather than accidentally discovered and policies designed accordingly. This understanding also informs the design of institutions (Section 13.2) and policies (Sections 13.6 and 13.7) as well as the linkage between mitigation and adaptation (Section 13.8).

The chapter also engages with several new developments and an expansion of the literature since AR5.

A growing literature assesses how national policymaking on climate mitigation is dependent on national politics around, and building consensus on, climate action. This, in turn, is shaped by both nationally specific structural features (Section 13.3) and the role of different actors in the policymaking process (Section 13.4). Important new avenues through which climate policy making is shaped, such as climate litigation (Section 13.4.2), and channels for public opinion formation, such as the media (Section 13.4.3) are also assessed. The chapter weaves discussions of the role of justice, understood through a discussion of procedural justice (Section 13.2), distributional justice (Section 13.6) and vulnerability (Section 13.8), and its role in creating public support for climate action (Section 13.9).

A significant new theme is the focus on the dynamic elements of policy making, that is, how policy can be designed to accelerate mitigation. This includes through technological transitions, socio-technical transitions, shifts in development pathways and economy-wide measures. This literature emphasises the importance of examining not just individual policies, but packages of policies (Section 13.7) and how these are enabled by the alignment of policy, institutions, finance, behaviour and innovation (Section 13.9). Also new is attention to the opportunities for economy-wide system change presented by consideration of post-COVID recovery packages, and wider efforts at sustainable economic restructuring (Section 13.9). Consistent with the discussion in Chapter 4, these larger approaches offer opportunities to undertake systemic restructuring and shift development pathways.

Finally, the chapter addresses core themes from earlier assessment reports, but seeks to do so in an enhanced manner. The discussion of climate institutions assesses a growing literature on climate law, as well as both purpose-built climate organisations and the layering of climate responsibilities on existing organisations at national and sub-national scales (Section 13.2). The discussion of policies focuses on an ex post assessment of policies, as well as the interaction among them, and learnings on how they can be combined in packages (Sections 13.6 and 13.7). It also lays out a framework for their assessment that encompasses environmental effectiveness, economic effectiveness, distributional outcomes, co-benefits, institutional requirements, as well as a new criterion of transformational potential (Section 13.6).

The aim of this chapter is to assess the full range of the multi-stranded and diverse literature on climate institutions and policy, reflecting the richness of real-world climate governance.

Institutions and governance arrangements can help address ‘policy gaps’ and ‘implementation gaps’ (Cross-Chapter Box 4 in Chapter 4) that hinder climate mitigation. While the need for institutions and governance is universal, individual country approaches vary, based on national approaches and circumstances, as discussed in this section.

Since AR5, the understanding of climate governance has become more encompassing and complex, involving multiple actors, decision-making arenas, levels of decision-making and a variety of political goals. Climate governance sometime directly targets GHG emissions; at other times mitigation results from measures that primarily aim to solve other issues, for instance relating to food production, forest management, energy markets, air pollution, transport systems or technology development, but with mitigation or adaptation effects (Karlsson et al. 2020).

Consistent with usage in this assessment, institutions are rules, norms and conventions that guide, constrain or enable behaviours and practices, including the organisations through which they operate, while governance is the structure, processes and actions that public and private actors use to address societal goals (See Glossary for complete definitions). Multiple terms are used in the literature to discuss climate governance, often varying across countries. Climate laws, or legislation, is passed by legislatures, and often sets the overarching governance context, but the term is also used to refer to legislation that is salient to climate outcomes even if not centrally focused on climate change. National strategies, often referred to as plans, most often operate through executive action by government, set guidance for action and often are not legally binding, although strategies may also be enshrined in law. Both laws and strategies may elaborate targets, or goals, for emissions outcomes, although these are not necessary components of laws and strategies. While laws typically operate at the national level (states may also make laws in federal nations), strategies, plans and targets may also operate at the sub-national level.

This section begins with a discussion of national laws for climate action (Section 13.2.1), followed by a discussion of national strategies (Section 13.2.2). The third section examines institutions (Section13.2.3), including organisations that are established to govern climate actions, and the final section explores sub-national institutions and their challenges in influencing climate mitigation (Section 13.2.4).

A growing literature suggests that ambitious climate policy emerges out of strong domestic political support (medium evidence, medium agreement ) (Aklin and Mildenberger 2020 ; Lamb and Minx 2020; Colgan et al. 2021). Such support is the outcome of political interest constellations and struggles that vary from country to country. Structural factors (such as economic wealth and natural resources, the character of the national political system, and the dominant ideas, values and beliefs) shape how climate change is governed (medium evidence, high agreement ) (Boasson 2015; Hochstetler 2020). This section assesses the ways these structural factors affect political dynamics and decision-making, and ultimately constrain, sustain or enable development of domestic climate governance.

While these structural factors are crucial, they do not determine the outlook of given countries’ climate governance, as civic, corporate and/or political groups or individuals can be mobilised and seek to counteract these structural effects, as indicated in the following Section 13.4 that examines the role of various actors and agencies in shaping governance processes. Taken together, Sections 13.3 and 13.4 show that domestic climate governance is not fully constrained by structural factors, but rather that diverse actors can and do achieve substantial changes.

While Section 13.3 shows that structural factors condition climate governance, their ultimate importance also depends on whether and how various actors are mobilised (Hochstetler 2020; Boasson 2015). a wide range of regional and local governments as well as non-governmental actors have become increasingly engaged in climate governance, for instance through public-private partnerships and transnational networks (Jordan et al. 2015; Dorsch and Flachsland 2017; Jordan et al. 2018) and through the media and litigation, as discussed here.

Climate governance processes result from both slow-moving incremental changes to policy and more rapid bursts of change due to, for example, responses to dramatic weather events, general elections or global climate summits (medium evidence, high agreement ) (Aamodt and Stensdal 2017; Jordan and Moore 2020; Boasson et al. 2021). While Section 13.3 assessed how entrenched structural factors conditions climate governance developments, this section examines how actors are able to alter climate governance by engaging the climate policy process, undertaking litigation and interacting with media.

In many countries, sub-national actors and networks are a crucial component of climate mitigation as they have remit over land-use planning, waste management, infrastructure, housing and community development, and their jurisdictions are often where the impacts of climate change are felt (robust evidence, high agreement ). Depending on the legal framework and other institutional constraints, sub-national actors play crucial roles in developing, delivering and contesting decarbonisation visions and pathways (Schroeder et al. 2013; Ryan 2015; Abbott et al. 2016; Bäckstrand et al. 2017; Amundsen et al. 2018; Fuhr et al. 2018) (Section 13.3.3).

Sub-national actors include organisations, jurisdictions, and networks (e.g., a coalition of cities or state authorities). These are either formal or informal, profit or non-profit and public or private (Avelino and Wittmayer 2016). For example, corporations are formal, private, and for-profit, the state and labour organisations are formal, public, and non-profit, and communities are private, informal, and non-profit. An intermediary sector, crossing the boundaries between private and public, for profit and non-profit, includes energy cooperatives, not-for-profit energy enterprises, and the scientific community (Avelino and Wittmayer 2016).

To address the challenge of climate mitigation, a range of actors across sectors and jurisdictions have created coalitions for climate governance, operating as actor-networks. For example, mitigation policies are particularly effective when they are integrated with co-benefits such as health, biodiversity, and poverty reduction (Romero-Lankao et al. 2018a). Transnational business and public-private partnerships and initiatives, as well as international cooperation at the sub-national and city levels are discussed in Chapter 14.

Institutions and governance processes described in previous section result in specific policies, that governments then implement and that shape actions of many stakeholders. This section assesses the empirical experience with the range of policy instruments available to governments with which to shape mitigation outcomes. Section 13.7 that follows deals with how these instruments are combined into packages, and Section 13.9 addresses economy-wide measures and issues.

Many different policy instruments for GHG reduction are in use. They fall into a few major categories that share key characteristics. This section provides one possible taxonomy of these major types of policy instruments, presents a set of criteria for policy evaluation, and synthesises the literature on the most common mitigation policies. The emphasis is on recent empirical evidence on the performance of different policy instruments and lessons that can be drawn from these experiences. This builds on and enhances the AR5 Chapter 15, which provided a more theoretical treatment of policy instruments for mitigation.

Research has expanded in a number of areas relevant to climate mitigation, yet there is considerable scope to add to knowledge. Key areas for research exist in climate institutions and governance, politics, policies and acceleration of action. In each area there is an overarching need for more ex post analysis of impact, more cases from the developing world, and understanding how institutions and policies work in combination with each other.

Aamodt, S., 2018: Environmental Ministries as Climate Policy Drivers: Comparing Brazil and India. J. Environ. Dev. , 27(4) , 355–381, doi:10.1177/1070496518791221.

Aamodt, S. and I. Stensdal, 2017: Seizing policy windows: Policy Influence of climate advocacy coalitions in Brazil, China, and India, 2000–2015. Glob. Environ. Change, 46, 114–125, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.08.006.

Aamodt, S. and E.L. Boasson, 2020: From Impartial Solutions to Mutual Recognition: Explaining Why the EU Changed its Procedural Climate Justice Preferences. 1–32 pp, doi:10.2139/ssrn.3541720.

Abbott, K.W., J.F. Green, and R.O. Keohane, 2016: Organizational Ecology and Institutional Change in Global Governance. Int. Organ. , 70(2) , 247–277, doi:10.1017/S0020818315000338.

Abraham-Dukuma, M.C. et al., 2020: Multidisciplinary Composition of Climate Change Commissions: Transnational Trends and Expert Perspectives. Sustainability, 12(24) , 1–23, doi:10.3390/su122410280.

Abson, D.J. et al., 2017: Leverage points for sustainability transformation. Ambio, 46(1) , 30–39, doi:10.1007/s13280-016-0800-y.

Accra Metropolitan Assembly, 2020: Accra Climate Action Plan: First Five-Year Plan (2020–2025). Accra Metropolitan Assembly and C40 Cities, Accra, 70 pp. https://cdn.locomotive.works/sites/5ab410c8a2f42204838f797e/content_entry5ab410faa2f42204838f7990/5ab5605ea2f4220acf45cfa6/files/Accra_Climate_Action_Plan.pdf?1603293785 (Accessed October 17, 2021).

Acuto, M. and S. Rayner, 2016: City networks: breaking gridlocks or forging (new) lock-ins?Int. Aff. , 92(5) , 1147–1166, doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12700.

Adelle, C. and D. Russel, 2013: Climate Policy Integration: a Case of Déjà Vu?Environ. Policy Gov. , 23(1) , 1–12, doi:10.1002/eet.1601.

Affolderbach, J. and C. Schulz, 2016: Mobile transitions: Exploring synergies for urban sustainability research. Urban Stud. , 53(9) , 1942–1957, doi:10.1177/0042098015583784.

African Development Bank, 2019: Analysis of adaptation components of Africa’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, 1–46 pp. www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/Analysis_of_Adaptation_Components_in_African_NDCs_2019.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Agyeman, J., 2013: Introducing Just Sustainabilities: Policy, Planning, and Practice. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, UK, 216 pp.

Agyeman, J., D. Schlosberg, L. Craven, and C. Matthews, 2016: Trends and Directions in Environmental Justice: From Inequity to Everyday Life, Community, and Just Sustainabilities. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. , 41(1) , 321–340, doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-090052.

Ahmad, I.H., 2009: Climate Policy Integration: Towards Operationalization. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York, 18 pp. https://www.un.org/en/desa/climate-policy-integration-towards-operationalization (Accessed August 14, 2021).

Aklin, M. and J. Urpelainen, 2013: Political competition, path dependence, and the strategy of sustainable energy transitions. Am. J. Pol. Sci. , 57(3) , 643–658, doi:10.1111/ajps.12002.

Aklin, M. and M. Mildenberger, 2020: Prisoners of the Wrong Dilemma: Why distributive conflict, not collective action, characterizes the politics of climate change. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 20(4) , 4–26, doi:10.1162/glep_a_00578.

Aldy, J.E. and S. Armitage, 2020: Cost-Effectiveness Implications of Carbon Price Certainty. AEA Pap. Proc. , 110, 113–118, doi:10.1257/pandp.20201083.

Aldy, J.E., M.J. Kotchen, R.N. Stavins, and J.H. Stock, 2021: Keep climate policy focused on the social cost of carbon. Science, 373(6557) , 850–852, doi:10.1126/science.abi7813.

Allcott, H., 2016: Paternalism and Energy Efficiency: An Overview. Annu. Rev. Econom. , 8, 145–176, doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-080315-015255.

Almiron, N. and J. Xifra, eds., 2019: Climate Change Denial and Public Relations: Strategic communication and interest groups in climate inaction. Routledge, London, UK, 268 pp.

Altenburg, T., 2011: Building inclusive innovation systems in developing countries: challenges for IS research. In: Handbook of Innovation Systems and Developing Countries: Building Domestic Capabilities in a Global Setting[Lundvall B., K.J. Joseph, C. Chaminade, and J. Vang (eds.)]. Edward Elgar Publishing, London, UK, pp. 33–56.

Alves, F. et al., 2020: Climate change policies and agendas: Facing implementation challenges and guiding responses. Environ. Sci. Policy, 104, 190–198, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2019.12.001.

Amundsen, H., G.K. Hovelsrud, C. Aall, M. Karlsson, and H. Westskog, 2018: Local governments as drivers for societal transformation: towards the 1.5°C ambition. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. , 31, 23–29, doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2017.12.004.

Anderson, Z.R., K. Kusters, J. McCarthy, and K. Obidzinski, 2016: Green growth rhetoric versus reality: Insights from Indonesia. Glob. Environ. Change, 38, 30–40, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.02.008.

Andersson, J.J., 2019: Carbon Taxes and CO2 Emissions: Sweden as a Case Study. Am. Econ. J. Econ. Policy, 11(4) , 1–30, doi:10.1257/pol.20170144.

Anderton, K. and J. Setzer, 2018: Sub-national climate entrepreneurship: innovative climate action in California and São Paulo. Reg. Environ. Change, 18(5) , 1273–1284, doi:10.1007/s10113-017-1160-2.

Andresen, S., E.L. Boasson, and G. Hønneland, eds., 2012: International environmental agreements: An introduction. Routledge, London, UK, 216 pp.

Anguelovski, I. et al., 2016: Equity Impacts of Urban Land-Use Planning for Climate Adaptation. J. Plan. Educ. Res. , 36(3) , 333–348, doi:10.1177/0739456X16645166.

Antonopoulos, I., 2020: Climate Change Effects on Human Rights. In: Climate Action[Filho, W.L., A.M. Azul, L. Brandli, P.G. Özuyar, and T. Wall, (eds.)]. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 159–167.

Antweiler, W., B.R. Copeland, and M.S. Taylor, 2001: Is Free Trade Good for the Environment?Am. Econ. Rev. , 91(4) , 877–908, doi:10.1257/aer.91.4.877.

Antwi-Agyei, P., A.J. Dougill, T.P. Agyekum, and L.C. Stringer, 2018: Alignment between nationally determined contributions and the sustainable development goals for West Africa. Clim. Policy, 18(10) , 1296–1312, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1431199.

Arimura, T.H. and T. Abe, 2021: The Impact of the Tokyo Emissions Trading Scheme on Office Buildings: What factor contributed to the emission reduction?Environ. Econ. Policy Stud. , 23, 517–533, doi:10.1007/s10018-020-00271-w.

Armstrong, J.H., 2019: Modeling effective local government climate policies that exceed state targets. Energy Policy, 132, 15–26, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.05.018.

Arndt, C. and F. Tarp, 2017: Aid, Environment and Climate Change. Rev. Dev. Econ. , 21(2) , 285–303, doi:10.1111/rode.12291.

Asensio, O.I. and M.A. Delmas, 2017: The effectiveness of US energy efficiency building labels. Nat. Energy, 2(4) , 17033, doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.33.

Astuti, R. and A. McGregor, 2015: Governing carbon, transforming forest politics: a case study of Indonesia’s REDD+ Task Force. Asia Pac. Viewp. , 56(1) , 21–36, doi:10.1111/apv.12087.

Atchison, J., 2019: Green and Blue Infrastructure in Darwin; Carbon Economies and the Social and Cultural Dimensions of Valuing Urban Mangroves in Australia. Urban Sci. , 3(3) , 86, doi:10.3390/urbansci3030086.

Attari, S.Z. et al., 2009: Preferences for change: Do individuals prefer voluntary actions, soft regulations, or hard regulations to decrease fossil fuel consumption?Ecol. Econ. , 68(6) , 1701–1710, doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.10.007.

Atteridge, A., C. Verkuijl, and A. Dzebo, 2020: Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) as instruments for promoting national development agendas? An analysis of small island developing states (SIDS). Clim. Policy, 20(4) , 485–498, doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1605331.

Aune, F.R. and R. Golombek, 2021: Are Carbon Prices Redundant in the 2030 EU Climate and Energy Policy Package?Energy J. , 42(3) , doi:10.5547/01956574.42.3.faun.

aus dem Moore, N., P. Grokurth, and M. Themann, 2019: Multinational corporations and the EU Emissions Trading System: The specter of asset erosion and creeping deindustrialization. J. Environ. Econ. Manage. , 94, doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2018.11.003.

Australian Climate Change Authority, 2017: Review of the Emissions Reduction Fund. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 120 pp.https://www.climatechangeauthority.gov.au/sites/default/files/ 2020-06/CFI%202017%20December/ERF%20Review%20Report.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Avelino, F. and J.M. Wittmayer, 2016: Shifting Power Relations in Sustainability Transitions: a Multi-actor Perspective. J. Environ. Policy Plan. , 18(5) , 628–649, doi:10.1080/1523908X.2015.1112259.

Averchenkova, A. and S. Guzman Luna, 2018: Mexico’s General Law on Climate Change: Key achievements and challenges ahead. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, 29 pp. https://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Policy_report_Mexico’s-General-Law-on-Climate-Change-Key-achievements-and-challenges-ahead-29pp_AverchenkovaGuzman-1.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Averchenkova, A., S. Fankhauser, and M. Nachmany, 2017: Introduction. In: Trends in Climate Change Legislation[Averchenkova, A., S. Fankhauser, and M. Nachmany, (eds.)]. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA, pp. 16.

Averchenkova, A., S. Fankhauser, and J. Finnegan, 2018: The role of independent bodies in climate governance: the UK’s Committee on Climate Change. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, 28 pp.http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/The-role-of-independent-bodies-in-climate-governance-the-UKs-Committee-on-Climate-Change_Averchenkova-et-al.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Averchenkova, A., S. Fankhauser, and J.J. Finnegan, 2021: The impact of strategic climate legislation: evidence from expert interviews on the UK Climate Change Act. Clim. Policy, 21(2) , 251–263, doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1819190.

Axsen, J., P. Plötz, and M. Wolinetz, 2020: Crafting strong, integrated policy mixes for deep CO2 mitigation in road transport. Nat. Clim. Change, 10(9) , 809–818, doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0877-y.

Aydin, C. and Ö. Esen, 2018: Reducing CO2 emissions in the EU member states: Do environmental taxes work?J. Environ. Plan. Manag. , 61(13) , 2396–2420, doi:10.1080/09640568.2017.1395731.

Aylett, A., 2013: The Socio-institutional Dynamics of Urban Climate Governance: a Comparative Analysis of Innovation and Change in Durban (KZN, South Africa) and Portland (OR, USA). Urban Stud. , 50(7) , 1386–1402, doi:10.1177/0042098013480968.

Aylett, A., 2014: Progress and Challenges in the Urban Governance of Climate Change: Results of a Global Survey. MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 68 pp. https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/metadata/publications/progress-and-challenges-in-the-urban-governance-of-climate-change-results-of-a-global-survey/mit_iclei_2014_urbanclimategovernancereport.pdf (Accessed December 12, 2019).

Aylett, A., 2015: Institutionalizing the urban governance of climate change adaptation: Results of an international survey. Urban Clim. , 14(1) , 4–16, doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2015.06.005.

Ayling, J., 2017: a Contest for Legitimacy: The Divestment Movement and the Fossil Fuel Industry. Law Policy, 39(4) , 349–371, doi:10.1111/lapo.12087.

Ayling, J. and N. Gunningham, 2017: Non-state governance and climate policy: the fossil fuel divestment movement. Clim. Policy, 17(2) , 131–149, doi:10.1080/14693062.2015.1094729.

Bäckstrand, K. and E. Lövbrand, 2006: Planting trees to mitigate climate change: Contested discourses of ecological modernization, green governmentality and civic environmentalism. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 6(1) , 50–75, doi:10.1162/glep.2006.6.1.50.

Bäckstrand, K. and E. Lövbrand, 2019: The Road to Paris: Contending Climate Governance Discourses in the Post-Copenhagen Era. J. Environ. Policy Plan. , 21(5) , 519–532, doi:10.1080/1523908X.2016.1150777.

Bäckstrand, K., J.W. Kuyper, B.-O. Linnér, and E. Lövbrand, 2017: Non-state actors in global climate governance: from Copenhagen to Paris and beyond. Env. Polit. , 26(4) , 561–579, doi:10.1080/09644016.2017.1327485.

Bae, J.H., D.D. Li, and M. Rishi, 2017: Determinants of CO2 emission for post-Soviet Union independent countries. Clim. Policy, 17(5) , 591–615, doi:10.1080/14693062.2015.1124751.

Bai, X., B. Roberts, and J. Chen, 2010: Urban sustainability experiments in Asia: Patterns and pathways. Environ. Sci. Policy, 13(4) , 312–325, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2010.03.011.

Bai, X. et al., 2018: Six research priorities for cities and climate change. Nature, 555(7694) , 23–25, doi:10.1038/d41586-018-02409-z.

Bai, Y., S. Song, J. Jiao, and R. Yang, 2019: The impacts of government R&D subsidies on green innovation: Evidence from Chinese energy-intensive firms. J. Clean. Prod. , 233 (October), 819–829, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.107.

Bailey, I., 2017: Spatializing Climate Justice: Justice Claim Making and Carbon Pricing Controversies in Australia. Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr. , 107(5) , 1128–1143, doi:10.1080/24694452.2017.1293497.

Bak, C., A. Bhattacharya, O. Edenhofer, and B. Knopf, 2017: Towards a comprehensive approach to climate policy, sustainable infrastructure, and finance. Econ. Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 11(2017–33) , 1–13, doi:10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2017-33.

Baldursson, F.M., N.-H.M. von der Fehr, and E. Lazarczyk, 2021: Electric Vehicles Rollout—Two Case Studies. Econ. Energy Environ. Policy, 10(2) , doi:10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.fbal.

Bang, G., 2021: The United States: conditions for accelerating decarbonisation in a politically divided country. Int. Environ. Agreements Polit. Law Econ. , 21(1) , 43–58, doi:10.1007/s10784-021-09530-x.

Bang, G., A. Underdal, and S. Andresen, eds., 2015: The Domestic Politics of Global Climate Change: Key Actors in International Climate Cooperation. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA, 224 pp.

Bang, G., D.G. Victor, and S. Andresen, 2017: California’s Cap-and-Trade System: Diffusion and Lessons. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 17(3) , 12–30, doi:10.1162/GLEP_a_00413.

Baranzini, A. et al., 2017: Carbon pricing in climate policy: seven reasons, complementary instruments, and political economy considerations. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change, 8(4) , e462, doi:10.1002/wcc.462.

Barbier, E.B., 2010: Global Governance: The G20 and a Global Green New Deal. Econ. Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 4(2010–2) , 1–35, doi:10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2010-2.

Barbier, E.B., 2020: Greening the Post-pandemic Recovery in the G20. Environ. Resour. Econ. , 76(4) , 685–703, doi:10.1007/s10640-020-00437-w.

Barcelona City Council, 2018: Climate Plan 2018-2030. Barcelona, Spain, 164 pp. https://www.barcelona.cat/barcelona-pel-clima/sites/default/files/documents/climate_plan_maig.pdf .

Bárcena, A. et al., 2018: Economics of Climate Change in Latin America and the Caribbean: a graphic view. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Santiago, Chile, 61 pp. https://www.cepal.org/en/publications/43889-economics-climate-change-latin-america-and-caribbean-graphic-view (Accessed October 25, 2021).

Barritt, E., 2020: Consciously transnational: Urgenda and the shape of climate change litigation: The State of the Netherlands (Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy) v Urgenda Foundation. Environ. Law Rev. , 22(4) , 296–305, doi:10.1177/1461452920974493.

Barritt, E. and B. Sediti, 2019: The Symbolic Value of Leghari v Federation of Pakistan: Climate Change Adjudication in the Global South. King’s Law J. , 30(2) , doi:10.1080/09615768.2019.1648370.

Barton, B. and J. Campion, 2018: Climate Change Legislation: Law for Sound Policy Making. In: Innovation in Energy Law and Technology: Dynamic Solutions for Energy Transitions[Zillman, D., M. Roggenkamp, L. Paddock, and L. Godden, (eds.)]. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 23–37.

Bastos Lima, M.G., U.M. Persson, and P. Meyfroidt, 2019: Leakage and boosting effects in environmental governance: a framework for analysis. Environ. Res. Lett. , 14(10) , doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab4551.

Bataille, C. et al., 2018a: a review of technology and policy deep decarbonization pathway options for making energy-intensive industry production consistent with the Paris Agreement. J. Clean. Prod. , 187, 960–973, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.107.

Bataille, C., C. Guivarch, S. Hallegatte, J. Rogelj, and H. Waisman, 2018b: Carbon prices across countries. Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 648–650, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0239-1.

Bataille, C.G.F., 2020: Physical and policy pathways to net‐zero emissions industry. WIREs Clim. Change, 11(2) , e633, doi:10.1002/wcc.633.

Båtstrand, S., 2015: More than Markets: a Comparative Study of Nine Conservative Parties on Climate Change. Polit. Policy, 43(4) , 538–561, doi:10.1111/polp.12122.

Bättig, M.B. and T. Bernauer, 2009: National Institutions and Global Public Goods: Are Democracies More Cooperative in Climate Change Policy?Int. Organ. , 63(02) , 281, doi:10.1017/S0020818309090092.

Bauer, N. et al., 2015: CO2 emission mitigation and fossil fuel markets: Dynamic and international aspects of climate policies. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 90(Part A) , 243–256, doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2013.09.009.

Bauer, N. et al., 2016: Global fossil energy markets and climate change mitigation – an analysis with REMIND. Clim. Change, 136(1) , 69–82, doi:10.1007/s10584-013-0901-6.

Baxter, J., R. Morzaria, and R. Hirsch, 2013: a case-control study of support/opposition to wind turbines: Perceptions of health risk, economic benefits, and community conflict. Energy Policy, 61, 931–943, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.050.

Bayer, P. and M. Aklin, 2020: The European Union Emissions Trading System reduced CO2 emissions despite low prices. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 117(16) , doi:10.1073/pnas.1918128117.

Baylis, K., D. Fullerton, and D.H. Karney, 2014: Negative Leakage. J. Assoc. Environ. Resour. Econ. , 1(1/2) , 51–73, doi:10.1086/676449.

Bebbington, A. and J. Bury, eds., 2013: Subterranean Struggles: New Dynamics of Mining, Oil, and Gas in Latin America. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, USA, 361 pp.

Bechtel, M.M., F. Genovese, and K.F. Scheve, 2019: Interests, Norms and Support for the Provision of Global Public Goods: The Case of Climate Co-operation. Br. J. Polit. Sci. , 49(4) , 1333–1355, doi:10.1017/S0007123417000205.

Becken, S., 2019: Decarbonising tourism: mission impossible?Tour. Recreat. Res. , 44(4) , 419–433, doi:10.1080/02508281.2019.1598042.

Beermann, J., A. Damodaran, K. Jörgensen, and M.A. Schreurs, 2016: Climate action in Indian cities: an emerging new research area. J. Integr. Environ. Sci. , 13(1) , 55–66, doi:10.1080/1943815X.2015.1130723.

Beg, N. et al., 2002: Linkages between climate change and sustainable development. Clim. Policy, 2(2–3) , 129–144, doi:10.3763/cpol.2002.0216.

Bel, G. and J.J. Teixidó, 2020: The political economy of the Paris Agreement: Income inequality and climate policy. J. Clean. Prod. , 258, 121002, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121002.

Bennett, M., 2018: The role of National Framework Legislation in Implementing Australia’s emission reduction commitments under the Paris Agreement. Univ. West. Aust. Law Rev. , 43(1) , 240–263.

Bennett, W.L., 2013: The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media And The Personalization Of Contentious Politics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 256 pp.

Bento, A., R. Kanbur, and B. Leard, 2016: On the importance of baseline setting in carbon offsets markets. Clim. Change, 137(3–4) , 625–637, doi:10.1007/s10584-016-1685-2.

Bergquist, P., S. Ansolabehere, S. Carley, and D. Konisky, 2020: Backyard voices: How sense of place shapes views of large-scale energy transmission infrastructure. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 63, 101396, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2019.101396.

Bernard, J.-T. and M. Kichian, 2019: The long and short run effects of British Columbia’s carbon tax on diesel demand. Energy Policy, 131 (August 2019), 380–389, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.04.021.

Bernard, J.-T. and M. Kichian, 2021: The Impact of a Revenue-Neutral Carbon Tax on GDP Dynamics: The Case of British Columbia. Energy J. , 42(3) , doi:10.5547/01956574.42.3.jber.

Bernhagen, P., 2008: Business and International Environmental Agreements: Domestic Sources of Participation and Compliance by Advanced Industrialized Democracies. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 8(1) , 78–110, doi:10.1162/glep.2008.8.1.78.

Bernstein, S. and M. Hoffmann, 2018: The politics of decarbonization and the catalytic impact of subnational climate experiments. Policy Sci. , 51(2) , 189–211, doi:10.1007/s11077-018-9314-8.

Bernstein, S. and M. Hoffmann, 2019: Climate politics, metaphors and the fractal carbon trap. Nat. Clim. Change, 9(12) , 919–925, doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0618-2.

Berry, P.M. et al., 2015: Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures. Clim. Change, 128(3–4) , 381–393, doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0.

Bertoldi, P., 2018: The Paris Agreement 1.5 C goal: what it does mean for energy efficiency?Proceedings of the ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Washington, DC, USA. www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2018/#/paper/event-data/p268 (Accessed September 24, 2021).

Bertoldi, P. et al., 2020: Covenant of Mayors: 2019 Assessment . Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 63 pp. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC118927.

Bertram, C. et al., 2015a: Carbon lock-in through capital stock inertia associated with weak near-term climate policies. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 90, 62–72, doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.001.

Bertram, C. et al., 2015b: Complementing carbon prices with technology policies to keep climate targets within reach. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(3) , 235–239, doi:10.1038/nclimate2514.

Besanko, D., 1987: Performance versus design standards in the regulation of pollution. J. Public Econ. , 34(1) , 19–44, doi:10.1016/0047-2727(87)90043-0.

Best, R., P.J. Burke, and F. Jotzo, 2020: Carbon Pricing Efficacy: Cross-Country Evidence. Environ. Resour. Econ. , 77(1) , 69–94, doi:10.1007/s10640-020-00436-x.

Bevan, L.D., T. Colley, and M. Workman, 2020: Climate change strategic narratives in the United Kingdom: Emergency, Extinction, Effectiveness. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 69, 101580, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2020.101580.

Bhagavathy, S.M. and M. McCulloch, 2020: Electric Vehicle transition in the UK. arXiv, Oxford, UK, 7 pp. https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2007/ 2007.03745.pdf (Accessed November 28, 2020).

Bhamidipati, P.L., J. Haselip, and U. Elmer Hansen, 2019: How do energy policies accelerate sustainable transitions? Unpacking the policy transfer process in the case of GETFiT Uganda. Energy Policy, 132, 1320–1332, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.05.053.

Bhardwaj, A., M. Joshi, R. Khosla, and N.K. Dubash, 2019: More priorities, more problems? Decision-making with multiple energy, development and climate objectives. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 49, 143–157, doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.11.003.

Bhardwaj, C., J. Axsen, F. Kern, and D. McCollum, 2020: Why have multiple climate policies for light-duty vehicles? Policy mix rationales, interactions and research gaps. Transp. Res. Part a Policy Pract. , 135, 309–326, doi:10.1016/j.tra.2020.03.011.

Biggs, E.M. et al., 2015: Sustainable development and the water-energy-food nexus: a perspective on livelihoods. Environ. Sci. Policy, 54, 389–397, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2015.08.002.

Black, R. et al., 2021: Taking Stock: a global assessment of net zero targets. The Real Press, London, UK, 30 pp. https://ca1-eci.edcdn.com/reports/ECIU-Oxford_Taking_Stock.pdf (Accessed October 20, 2021).

Blok, A., 2016: Assembling urban riskscapes. City, 20(4) , 602–618, doi:10.1080/13604813.2016.1194000.

Blondeel, M. and T. Van de Graaf, 2018: Toward a global coal mining moratorium? a comparative analysis of coal mining policies in the USA, China, India and Australia. Clim. Change, 150(1–2) , 89–101, doi:10.1007/s10584-017-2135-5.

Blondeel, M., J. Colgan, and T. Van de Graaf, 2019: What Drives Norm Success? Evidence from Anti–Fossil Fuel Campaigns. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 19(4) , 63–84, doi:10.1162/glep_a_00528.

Blue, G. and J. Medlock, 2014: Public Engagement with Climate Change as Scientific Citizenship: a Case Study of World Wide Views on Global Warming. Sci. Cult. , 23(4) , 560–579, doi:10.1080/09505431.2014.917620.

Boasson, E.L., 2015: National Climate Policy: a Multi-field Approach. 1st ed. Routledge, New York, NY, USA, 250 pp.

Boasson, E.L., 2019: Constitutionalization and Entrepreneurship: Explaining Increased EU Steering of Renewables Support Schemes. Polit. Gov. , 7(1) , 70–80, doi:10.17645/pag.v7i1.1851.

Boasson, E.L. and J. Wettestad, 2013: EU Climate Policy: Industry, Policy Interaction and External Environment . 1st ed. Routledge, 236 pp.

Boasson, E.L., M.D. Leiren, and J. Wettestad, eds., 2021: Comparative Renewables Policy: Political, Organizational and European Fields. 1st ed. Routledge, London, UK, 278 pp.

Bocklet, J., M. Hintermayer, L. Schmidt, and T. Wildgrube, 2019: The reformed EU ETS – Intertemporal emission trading with restricted banking. Energy Econ. , 84, doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104486.

Bohari, A.A.M., M. Skitmore, B. Xia, and M. Teo, 2017: Green oriented procurement for building projects: Preliminary findings from Malaysia. J. Clean. Prod. , 148, 690–700, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.141.

Böhmelt, T., M. Böker, and H. Ward, 2016: Democratic inclusiveness, climate policy outputs, and climate policy outcomes. Democratization, 23(7) , 1272–1291, doi:10.1080/13510347.2015.1094059.

Böhringer, C., E.J. Balistreri, and T.F. Rutherford, 2012: The role of border carbon adjustment in unilateral climate policy: Overview of an Energy Modeling Forum study (EMF 29). Energy Econ. , 34(sup2) , S97–S110, doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2012.10.003.

Böhringer, C., A. Keller, M. Bortolamedi, and A. Rahmeier Seyffarth, 2016: Good things do not always come in threes: On the excess cost of overlapping regulation in EU climate policy. Energy Policy, 94, 502–508, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2015.12.034.

Böhringer, C., B. Bye, T. Fæhn, and K.E. Rosendahl, 2017a: Targeted carbon tariffs: Export response, leakage and welfare. Resour. Energy Econ. , 50, 51–73, doi:10.1016/j.reseneeco.2017.06.003.

Böhringer, C., A. Cuntz, D. Harhoff, and E. Asane-Otoo, 2017b: The impact of the German feed-in tariff scheme on innovation: Evidence based on patent filings in renewable energy technologies. Energy Econ. , 67, 545–553, doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2017.09.001.

Böhringer, C., K.E. Rosendahl, and H.B. Storrøsten, 2017c: Robust policies to mitigate carbon leakage. J. Public Econ. , 149, 35–46, doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2017.03.006.

Boli, J. and G.M. Thomas, eds., 1999: Constructing World Culture: International Nongovernmental Organizations Since 1875. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, USA, 380 pp.

Borenstein, S., J. Bushnell, F.A. Wolak, and M. Zaragoza-Watkins, 2019: Expecting the Unexpected: Emissions Uncertainty and Environmental Market Design. Am. Econ. Rev. , 109(11) , 3953–3977, doi:10.1257/aer.20161218.

Borghesi, S., C. Franco, and G. Marin, 2020: Outward Foreign Direct Investment Patterns of Italian Firms in the European Union’s Emission Trading Scheme. Scand. J. Econ. , 122(1) , doi:10.1111/sjoe.12323.

Bosetti, V. and D.G. Victor, 2011: Politics and Economics of Second-Best Regulation of Greenhouse Gases: The Importance of Regulatory Credibility. Energy J. , 32(1) , 1–24, doi:10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol32-No1-1.

Bostrom, A., A.L. Hayes, and K.M. Crosman, 2018: Efficacy, Action, and Support for Reducing Climate Change Risks. Risk Anal. , 39(4) , 805–828, doi:10.1111/risa.13210.

Boudet, H., D. Bugden, C. Zanocco, and E. Maibach, 2016: The effect of industry activities on public support for ‘fracking.’Env. Polit. , 25(4) , 593–612, doi:10.1080/09644016.2016.1153771.

Boulianne, S., M. Lalancette, and D. Ilkiw, 2020: ‘School Strike 4 Climate’: Social Media and the International Youth Protest on Climate Change. Media Commun. , 8(2) , 208–218, doi:10.17645/mac.v8i2.2768.

Boussalis, C. and T.G. Coan, 2016: Text-mining the signals of climate change doubt. Glob. Environ. Change, 36, 89–100, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.12.001.

Bouteligier, S., 2013: Inequality in new global governance arrangements: the North–South divide in transnational municipal networks. Innov. Eur. J. Soc. Sci. Res. , 26(3) , 251–267, doi:10.1080/13511610.2013.771890.

Bouwer, K., 2018: The Unsexy Future of Climate Change Litigation. J. Environ. Law, 30(3) , 483–506, doi:10.1093/jel/eqy017.

Bouzarovski, S., J. Frankowski, and S. Tirado Herrero, 2018: Low-Carbon Gentrification: When Climate Change Encounters Residential Displacement. Int. J. Urban Reg. Res. , 42(5) , 845–863, doi:10.1111/1468-2427.12634.

Bowen, K.J., K. Ebi, and S. Friel, 2014: Climate change adaptation and mitigation: next steps for cross-sectoral action to protect global health. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change, 19(7) , 1033–1040, doi:10.1007/s11027-013-9458-y.

Bowman, M. and D. Wiseman, 2020: Finance actors and climate-related disclosure regulation: Logic, limits, and emerging accountability. In: Criminology and Climate: Insurance, Finance and the Regulation of Harmscapes[Holley, C., L. Phelan, and C. Shearing, (eds.)]. Routledge, London, UK, 26 pp.

Boykoff, M. and J. Farrell, 2019: Climate Change Countermovement Organizations and Media Attention in the United States. In: Climate Change Denial and Public Relations. Strategic Communication and Interest Groups in Climate Inaction[Almiron, N. and J. Xifra, (eds.)]. Routledge, London, pp. 121–139.

Boykoff, M. and B. Osnes, 2019: a Laughing matter? Confronting climate change through humor. Polit. Geogr. , 68, 154–163, doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2018.09.006.

Boykoff, M. et al., 2019: World Newspaper Coverage of Climate Change or Global Warming, 2004-2019. Media and Climate Change Observatory (MECCO) Data Sets. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, doi:10.25810/4c3b-b819.20.

Boykoff, M. et al., 2021: World Newspaper Coverage of Climate Change or Global Warming, 2004-2021. Media and Climate Change Observatory (MECCO) Data Sets. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, doi:10.25810/4c3b-b819.

Boykoff, M.T., 2011: Who Speaks for the Climate? Making Sense of Media Reporting on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 240 pp.

Boykoff, M.T., 2013: Public Enemy No. 1? Understanding Media Representations of Outlier Views on Climate Change. Am. Behav. Sci. , 57(6) , 796–817, doi:10.1177/0002764213476846.

Boykoff, M.T. and T. Yulsman, 2013: Political economy, media, and climate change: sinews of modern life. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change, 4(5) , 359–371, doi:10.1002/wcc.233.

Branger, F. and P. Quirion, 2014: Would border carbon adjustments prevent carbon leakage and heavy industry competitiveness losses? Insights from a meta-analysis of recent economic studies. Ecol. Econ. , 99, 29–39, doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.12.010.

Branger, F., P. Quirion, and J. Chevallier, 2016: Carbon Leakage and Competitiveness of Cement and Steel Industries Under the EU ETS: Much Ado About Nothing. Energy J. , 37(3) , 109–135, doi:10.5547/01956574.37.3.fbra.

Brannstrom, C. et al., 2017: Is Brazilian wind power development sustainable? Insights from a review of conflicts in Ceará state. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 67, 62–71, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.08.047.

Brattland, C. and T. Mustonen, 2018: How Traditional Knowledge Comes to Matter in Atlantic Salmon Governance in Norway and Finland. Arctic, 71(4) , 375–392, doi:10.14430/arctic4751.

Bratton, W. and J.A. McCahery, 2015: Institutional Investor Activism: Hedge Funds and Private Equity, Economics and Regulation. Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository, 49 pp. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2646&context=faculty_scholarship.

Brewer, P.R. and J. McKnight, 2015: Climate as Comedy: The Effects of Satirical Television News on Climate Change Perceptions. Sci. Commun. , 37(5) , 635–657, doi:10.1177/1075547015597911.

Broadbent, J. et al., 2016: Conflicting Climate Change Frames in a Global Field of Media Discourse. Socius Sociol. Res. a Dyn. World, 2, 237802311667066, doi:10.1177/2378023116670660.

Bromley-Trujillo, R. and M.R. Holman, 2020: Climate Change Policymaking in the States: a View at 2020. Publius J. Fed. , 50(3) , 446–472, doi:10.1093/publius/pjaa008.

Brown, D.M., 2012: Comparative Climate Change Policy and Federalism: An Overview. Rev. Policy Res. , 29(3) , 322–333, doi:10.1111/j.1541-1338.2012.00562.x.

Brüggemann, M. and S. Engesser, 2017: Beyond false balance: How interpretive journalism shapes media coverage of climate change. Glob. Environ. Change, 42, 58–67, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.11.004.

Brugnach, M., M. Craps, and A. Dewulf, 2017: Including indigenous peoples in climate change mitigation: addressing issues of scale, knowledge and power. Clim. Change, 140(1) , 19–32, doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1280-3.

Brulle, R.J., 2000: Agency, democracy, and nature: the U.S. environmental movement from a critical theory perspective. 1st editio. MIT Press, Boston, MA, 360 pp.

Brulle, R.J., 2014: Institutionalizing delay: foundation funding and the creation of U.S. climate change counter-movement organizations. Clim. Change, 122(4) , 681–694, doi:10.1007/s10584-013-1018-7.

Brulle, R.J., 2019: Networks of Opposition: a Structural Analysis of U.S. Climate Change Countermovement Coalitions 1989–2015. Sociol. Inq. , 91(3) 603–624, doi:10.1111/soin.12333.

Brulle, R.J., J. Carmichael, and J.C. Jenkins, 2012: Shifting public opinion on climate change: An empirical assessment of factors influencing concern over climate change in the U.S., 2002-2010. Clim. Change, 114(2) , 169–188, doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0403-y.

Bruninx, K., M. Ovaere, and E. Delarue, 2020: The long-term impact of the market stability reserve on the EU emission trading system. Energy Econ. , 89, 104746, doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104746.

Brunner, S., C. Flachsland, and R. Marschinski, 2012: Credible commitment in carbon policy. Clim. Policy, 12(2) , 255–271, doi:10.1080/14693062.2011.582327.

Buchholz, W., L. Dippl, and M. Eichenseer, 2019: Subsidizing renewables as part of taking leadership in international climate policy: The German case. Energy Policy, 129, 765–773, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.044.

Büchs, M., C. Saunders, R. Wallbridge, G. Smith, and N. Bardsley, 2015: Identifying and explaining framing strategies of low-carbon lifestyle movement organisations. Glob. Environ. Change, 35, 307–315, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.009.

Buckman, G., J. Sibley, and M. Ward, 2019: The large-scale feed-in tariff reverse auction scheme in the Australian Capital Territory 2012, to 2016. Renew. Energy, 132, 176–185, doi:10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.011.

Buitenzorgy, M. and A.P.J. Mol, 2011: Does Democracy Lead to a Better Environment? Deforestation and the Democratic Transition Peak. Environ. Resour. Econ. , 48(1) , 59–70, doi:10.1007/s10640-010-9397-y.

Bulfin, A., 2017: Popular culture and the ‘new human condition’: Catastrophe narratives and climate change. Glob. Planet. Change, 156, 140–146, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.03.002.

Bulkeley, H., 2000: Discourse Coalitions and the Australian Climate Change Policy Network. Environ. Plan. C Gov. Policy, 18(6) , 727–748, doi:10.1068/c9905j.

Bulkeley, H., 2013: Cities and Climate Change. 1st ed. Routledge, London, UK, 280 pp.

Bulkeley, H. and V. Castán Broto, 2013: Government by experiment? Global cities and the governing of climate change. Trans. Inst. Br. Geogr. , 38(3) , 361–375, doi:10.1111/j.1475-5661.2012.00535.x.

Bulkeley, H., J. Carmin, V. Castan Broto, G.A.S. Edwards, and S. Fuller, 2013: Climate justice and global cities: Mapping the emerging discourses. Glob. Environ. Change, 23(5) , 914–925, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.010.

Bulkeley, H. et al., 2016: Urban living labs: governing urban sustainability transitions. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. , 22, 13–17, doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2017.02.003.

Bullard, R.D., P. Mohai, R. Saha, and B. Wright, 2008: Toxic Wastes and Race at Twenty: Why Race Still Matters After all of These Years. Environ. Law, 38(2) , 371–411.

Burch, S., H. Schroeder, S. Rayner, and J. Wilson, 2013: Novel Multisector Networks and Entrepreneurship: The Role of Small Businesses in the Multilevel Governance of Climate Change. Environ. Plan. C Gov. Policy, 31(5) , 822–840, doi:10.1068/c1206.

Burch, S. et al., 2014: Triggering transformative change: a development path approach to climate change response in communities. Clim. Policy, 14(4) , 467–487, doi:10.1080/14693062.2014.876342.

Burch, S. et al., 2016: Governing and accelerating transformative entrepreneurship: exploring the potential for small business innovation on urban sustainability transitions. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. , 22, 26–32, doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2017.04.002.

Burck, J., U. Hagen, N. Höhne, L. Nascimento, and C. Bals, 2019: Climate Change Performance Index Results 2020. Germanwatch, New Climate Institute and Climate Action Network International, 32 pp. https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/CCPI-2020-Results_Web_Version.pdf (Accessed October 18, 2021).

Burger, C., A. Froggatt, C. Mitchell, and J. Weimann (eds.), 2020a: Decentralised Energy: a Global Game Changer. Ubiquity Press, London, UK, 313 pp.

Burger, M., J. Wentz, and R. Horton, 2020b: The Law and Science of Climate Change Attribution. Columbia J. Environ. Law, 45(1) , 57–240, doi:10.7916/cjel.v45i1.4730.

Burgers, L., 2020: Should Judges Make Climate Change Law?Transnatl. Environ. Law, 9(1) , 55–75, doi:10.1017/S2047102519000360.

Burgers, L. and T. Staal, 2019: Climate Action as Positive Human Rights Obligation: The Appeals Judgment in Urgenda v the Netherlands. In: Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 2018[Nijman, J. and W. Werner (eds.)]. Asser Press, The Hague, Netherlands, pp. 223–244.

Burke, P.J., 2016: Undermined by Adverse Selection: Australia’s Direct Action Abatement Subsidies. Econ. Pap. a J. Appl. Econ. policy, 35(3) , 216–229, doi:10.1111/1759-3441.12138.

Burke, P.J. and S. Kurniawati, 2018: Electricity subsidy reform in Indonesia: Demand-side effects on electricity use. Energy Policy, 116, 410–421, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.02.018.

Burniaux, J.-M. and J. Chateau, 2014: Greenhouse gases mitigation potential and economic efficiency of phasing-out fossil fuel subsidies. Int. Econ. , 140, 71–88, doi:10.1016/j.inteco.2014.05.002.

Busch, H., L. Bendlin, and P. Fenton, 2018: Shaping local response – The influence of transnational municipal climate networks on urban climate governance. Urban Clim. , 24, 221–230, doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2018.03.004.

Busch, J., F. Godoy, W.R. Turner, and C.A. Harvey, 2011: Biodiversity co-benefits of reducing emissions from deforestation under alternative reference levels and levels of finance. Conserv. Lett. , 4(2) , 101–115, doi:10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00150.x.

Bush, J. and A. Doyon, 2019: Building urban resilience with nature-based solutions: How can urban planning contribute?Cities, 95 (October), 102483, doi:10.1016/j.cities.2019.102483.

Bush, R.E., C.S.E. Bale, and P.G. Taylor, 2016: Realising local government visions for developing district heating: Experiences from a learning country. Energy Policy, 98, 84–96, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.08.013.

Bushley, B.R., 2014: REDD+ policy making in Nepal: toward state-centric, polycentric, or market-oriented governance?Ecol. Soc. , 19(3) , 34, doi:10.5751/ES-06853-190334.

Bustamante, M.M.C. et al., 2019: Ecological restoration as a strategy for mitigating and adapting to climate change: lessons and challenges from Brazil. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change, 24(7) , 1249–1270, doi:10.1007/s11027-018-9837-5.

Butler-Sloss, S., K. Bond, and H. Benham, 2021: Spiralling Disruption: The feedback loops of the energy transition. Carbon Tracker, 23 pp. https://carbontracker.org/reports/spiralling-disruption/ (Accessed October 28, 2021).

C40 and ARUP, 2015: Climate Action in Megacities 3.0: Networking works, there is no global solution without local action. C40 and ARUP, London, 128 pp. https://www.arup.com/perspectives/publications/research/section/climate-action-in-megacities-cam-30 (Accessed March 3, 2021).

Caetano, T., H. Winker, and J. Depledge, 2020: Towards zero carbon and zero poverty: integrating national climate change mitigation and sustainable development goals. Clim. Policy, 20(7) , 773–778, doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1791404.

Calel, R., 2020: Adopt or Innovate: Understanding Technological Responses to Cap-and-Trade. Am. Econ. J. Econ. Policy, 12(3) , doi:10.1257/pol.20180135.

Calel, R. and A. Dechezleprêtre, 2016: Environmental Policy and Directed Technological Change: Evidence from the European Carbon Market. Rev. Econ. Stat. , 98(1) , 173–191, doi:10.1162/REST_a_00470.

Calzadilla, P.V., 2019: Climate Change Litigation: a Powerful Strategy for Enhancing Climate Change Communication. In: Addressing the Challenges in Communicating Climate Change Across Various Audiences. Climate Change Management. Climate Change Management [Leal Filho, W., B. Lackner and H. McGhie (eds.)]. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 231–246.

Camilleri, A.R., R.P. Larrick, S. Hossain, and D. Patino-Echeverri, 2019: Consumers underestimate the emissions associated with food but are aided by labels. Nat. Clim. Change, 9(1) , 53–58, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0354-z.

Campagnolo, L. and M. Davide, 2019: Can the Paris deal boost SDGs achievement? An assessment of climate mitigation co-benefits or side-effects on poverty and inequality. World Dev. , 122, 96–109, doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.05.015.

Candel, J.J.L. and R. Biesbroek, 2016: Toward a processual understanding of policy integration. Policy Sci. , 49(3) , 211–231, doi:10.1007/s11077-016-9248-y.

Carattini, S., S. Kallbekken, and A. Orlov, 2019: How to win public support for a global carbon tax. Nature, 565, 289–291, doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00124-x.

Carbone, J.C. and N. Rivers, 2017: The Impacts of Unilateral Climate Policy on Competitiveness: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Models. Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy, 11(1) , 24–42, doi:10.1093/reep/rew025.

Carley, S. and D.M. Konisky, 2020: The justice and equity implications of the clean energy transition. Nat. Energy, 5(8) , 569–577, doi:10.1038/s41560-020-0641-6.

Carley, S., L.L. Davies, D.B. Spence, and N. Zirogiannis, 2018: Empirical evaluation of the stringency and design of renewable portfolio standards. Nat. Energy, 3(9) , 754–763, doi:10.1038/s41560-018-0202-4.

Carmichael, J.T. and R.J. Brulle, 2018: Media use and climate change concern. Int. J. Media Cult. Polit. , 14(2) , 243–253, doi:10.1386/macp.14.2.243_7.

Carmichael, J.T., R.J. Brulle, and J.K. Huxster, 2017: The great divide: understanding the role of media and other drivers of the partisan divide in public concern over climate change in the USA, 2001–2014. Clim. Change, 141(4) , 599–612, doi:10.1007/s10584-017-1908-1.

Carrington, D., 2019: School climate strikes: 1.4 million people took part, say campaigners. The Guardian, London, UK, March 19.https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/19/school-climate-strikes-more-than-1-million-took-part-say-campaigners-greta-thunberg (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Carroll, J., C. Aravena, M. Boeri, and E. Denny, 2022: “Show Me the Energy Costs”: Short and Long-term Energy Cost Disclosure Effects on Willingness-to-pay for Residential Energy Efficiency. Energy J. , 43(3) , doi:10.5547/01956574.43.3.jcar.

Carter, N., 2006: Party Politicization Of The Environment In Britain. Party Polit. , 12(6) , 747–767, doi:10.1177/1354068806068599.

Carter, N., 2013: Greening the mainstream: party politics and the environment. Env. Polit. , 22(1) , 73–94, doi:10.1080/09644016.2013.755391.

Carter, N., 2014: The politics of climate change in the UK. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change, 5(3) , 423–433, doi:10.1002/wcc.274.

Carter, N. and M. Childs, 2018: Friends of the Earth as a policy entrepreneur: ‘The Big Ask’ campaign for a UK Climate Change Act. Env. Polit. , 27(6) , 994–1013, doi:10.1080/09644016.2017.1368151.

Carter, S. et al., 2018: Climate-smart land use requires local solutions, transdisciplinary research, policy coherence and transparency. Carbon Manag. , 9(3) , 291–301, doi:10.1080/17583004.2018.1457907.

Carter, A.V. and J. McKenzie, 2020: Amplifying “Keep It in the Ground” First-Movers: Toward a Comparative Framework. Soc. Nat. Resour. , 33(11) , 1339–1358, doi:10.1080/08941920.2020.1772924.

Cashore, B., S. Bernstein, D. Humphreys, I. Visseren-Hamakers, and K. Rietig, 2019: Designing stakeholder learning dialogues for effective global governance. Policy Soc. , 38(1) , 118–147, doi:10.1080/14494035.2019.1579505.

Castán Broto, V., 2017: Urban Governance and the Politics of Climate change. World Dev. , 93, 1–15, doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.031.

Castán Broto, V. and H. Bulkeley, 2013: a survey of urban climate change experiments in 100 cities. Glob. Environ. Change, 23(1) , 92–102, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.07.005.

Castán Broto, V. and L. Westman, 2017: Just sustainabilities and local action: evidence from 400 flagship initiatives. Local Environ. , 22(5) , 635–650, doi:10.1080/13549839.2016.1248379.

Castán Broto, V. and L. Westman, 2019: Urban Sustainability and Justice: Just Sustainabilities and Environmental Planning. Zed Books Ltd, Bloomsbury Publishing, London, UK, 208 pp.

Castrejon-Campos, O., L. Aye, and F.K.P. Hui, 2020: Making policy mixes more robust: An integrative and interdisciplinary approach for clean energy transitions. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 64, 101425, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2020.101425.

Ćetković, S. and J.B. Skjærseth, 2019: Creative and disruptive elements in Norway’s climate policy mix: the small-state perspective. Env. Polit. , 28(6) , 1039–1060, doi:10.1080/09644016.2019.1625145.

Chailleux, S., 2020: Making the subsurface political: How enhanced oil recovery techniques reshaped the energy transition. Environ. Plan. C Polit. Sp. , 38(4) , 733–750, doi:10.1177/2399654419884077.

Chaker, M., E. Berezowska-Azzag, and D. Perrotti, 2021: Exploring the performances of urban local symbiosis strategy in Algiers, between a potential of energy use optimization and CO2 emissions mitigation. J. Clean. Prod. , 292, 125850, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125850.

Chamorel, P., 2019: Macron Versus the Yellow Vests. J. Democr. , 30(4) , 48–62, doi:10.1353/jod.2019.0068.

Chan, G., A.P. Goldstein, A. Bin-Nun, L. Diaz Anadon, and V. Narayanamurti, 2017: Six principles for energy innovation. Nature, 552(7683) , 25–27, doi:10.1038/d41586-017-07761-0.

Chan, N.W. and J.W. Morrow, 2019: Unintended consequences of cap-and-trade? Evidence from the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. Energy Econ. , 80 (May 2019), 411–422, doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2019.01.007.

Chan, S. et al., 2015: Reinvigorating International Climate Policy: A Comprehensive Framework for Effective Nonstate Action. Glob. Policy, 6(4) , 466–473, doi:10.1111/1758-5899.12294.

Chandrashekeran, S., B. Morgan, K. Coetzee, and P. Christoff, 2017: Rethinking the green state beyond the Global North: a South African climate change case study. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change, 8(6) , e473, doi:10.1002/wcc.473.

Charlery, L. and S.L.M. Trærup, 2019: The nexus between Nationally Determined Contributions and technology needs assessments: a global analysis. Clim. Policy, 19(2) , 189–205, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1479957.

Chaton, C., A. Creti, and M.-E. Sanin, 2018: Assessing the implementation of the Market Stability Reserve. Energy Policy, 118, 642–654, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.03.027.

Chelminski, K., 2018: Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform in Indonesia. In: The Politics of Fossil Fuel Subsidies and their Reform[Skovgaard, J. and H. Van Asselt, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 193–211.

Chen, X., H. Huang, M. Khanna, and H. Önal, 2014: Alternative transportation fuel standards: Welfare effects and climate benefits. J. Environ. Econ. Manage. , 67(3) , 241–257, doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2013.09.006.

Cherry, E., 2006: Veganism as a Cultural Movement: a Relational Approach. Soc. Mov. Stud. , 5(2) , 155–170, doi:10.1080/14742830600807543.

Cherry, T.L., S. Kallbekken, and S. Kroll, 2012: The acceptability of efficiency-enhancing environmental taxes, subsidies and regulation: An experimental investigation. Environ. Sci. Policy, 16, 90–96, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2011.11.007.

Chèze, B., J. Chevallier, N. Berghmans, and E. Alberola, 2020: On the CO2 Emissions Determinants During the EU ETS Phases I and II: a Plant-level Analysis Merging the EUTL and Platts Power Data. Energy J. , 41(4) , doi:10.5547/01956574.41.4.bche.

Choi, C., P. Berry, and A. Smith, 2021: The climate benefits, co-benefits, and trade-offs of green infrastructure: a systematic literature review. J. Environ. Manage. , 291 (March), 112583, doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112583.

Claeys, P. and D. Delgado Pugley, 2017: Peasant and indigenous transnational social movements engaging with climate justice. Can. J. Dev. Stud./Rev. Can. d’études du développement , 38(3) , 325–340, doi:10.1080/02255189.2016.1235018.

Climate Action Tracker, 2020: Warming Projections Global Update, September 2020. Pandemic recovery: Positive intentions vs policy rollbacks, with just a hint of green. NewClimate Institute, Cologne and Climate Analytics, Berlin, Germany, 26 pp. https://climateactiontracker.org/documents/790/CAT_2020-09-23_Briefing_GlobalUpdate_Sept2020.pdf (Accessed March 3, 2021).

Cludius, J., S. de Bruyn, K. Schumacher, and R. Vergeer, 2020: Ex-post investigation of cost pass-through in the EU ETS - an analysis for six industry sectors. Energy Econ. , 91, 104883, doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104883.

Clulow, Z., 2019: Democracy, electoral systems and emissions: explaining when and why democratization promotes mitigation. Clim. Policy, 19(2) , 244–257, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1497938.

Coady, D., V. Flamini, and L. Sears, 2015: The unequal benefits of fuel subsidies revisited: Evidence for developing countries. Fiscal Affairs Department, IMF, 25 pp. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2015/wp15250.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Cobbinah, P.B., M.O. Asibey, M. Opoku-Gyamfi, and C. Peprah, 2019: Urban planning and climate change in Ghana. J. Urban Manag. , 8(2) , 261–271, doi:10.1016/j.jum.2019.02.002.

Cock, J., 2019: Resistance to coal inequalities and the possibilities of a just transition in South Africa. Dev. South. Afr. , 36(6) , 860–873, doi:10.1080/0376835X.2019.1660859.

Cohen, B. et al., 2019: Multi-criteria decision analysis in policymaking for climate mitigation and development. Clim. Dev. , 11(3) , 212–222, doi:10.1080/17565529.2018.1445612.

Cointe, B., 2019: Mutualising sunshine: economic and territorial entanglements in a local photovoltaic project. Local Environ. , 24(11) , 980–996, doi:10.1080/13549839.2018.1436044.

Cole, M.A., 2007: Corruption, income and the environment: An empirical analysis. Ecol. Econ. , 62(3–4) , 637–647, doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.08.003.

Colgan, J.D., J.F. Green, and T.N. Hale, 2021: Asset Revaluation and the Existential Politics of Climate Change. Int. Organ. , 75(2) , 586–610, doi:10.1017/S0020818320000296.

Colls, A., N. Ash, and N. Ikkala, 2009: Ecosystem-based Adaptation: A natural response to climate change. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 16 pp.https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2009-049.pdf (Accessed March 3, 2021).

Colombo, E., 2021: From Bushfires to Misfires: Climate-related Financial Risk after McVeigh v. Retail Employees Superannuation Trust. Transnatl. Environ. Law, 11(1) , 173–199, doi:10.1017/S204710252100025X.

Compston, H. and I. Bailey, 2016: Climate policy strength compared: China, the US, the EU, India, Russia, and Japan. Clim. Policy, 16(2) , 145–164, doi:10.1080/14693062.2014.991908.

Conger, T. and S.E. Chang, 2019: Developing indicators to identify coastal green infrastructure potential: The case of the Salish Sea region. Ocean Coast. Manag. , 175 (April), 53–69, doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.03.011.

Cook, M.J. and E.K. Chu, 2018: Between policies, programs, and projects: How local actors steer domestic urban climate adaptation finance in India. In: Climate Change in Cities. The Urban Book Series[Hughes, S., E.K. Chu, and S.G. Mason, (eds.)]. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 255–277.

Cooley, S.R. et al., 2019: Overlooked ocean strategies to address climate change. Glob. Environ. Change, 59 (November), 101968, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101968.

Cornelis, E., 2019: History and prospect of voluntary agreements on industrial energy efficiency in Europe. Energy Policy, 132, 567–582, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.06.003.

Corner, A. and J. Clarke, 2017: Talking Climate: From Research to Practice in Public Engagement . Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 146.

Corry, O., 2012: Securitisation and ‘Riskification’: Second-order Security and the Politics of Climate Change. Millenn. J. Int. Stud. , 40(2) , 235–258, doi:10.1177/0305829811419444.

Cory, J., M. Lerner, and I. Osgood, 2021: Supply Chain Linkages and the Extended Carbon Coalition. Am. J. Pol. Sci. , 65(1) , 69–87, doi:10.1111/ajps.12525.

Coryat, D., 2015: Extractive Politics, Media Power, and New Waves of Resistance Against Oil Drilling in the Ecuadorian Amazon: The Case of Yasunidos. Int. J. Commun. , 9, 3741–3760.

Cosbey, A., S. Droege, C. Fischer, and C. Munnings, 2019: Developing Guidance for Implementing Border Carbon Adjustments: Lessons, Cautions, and Research Needs from the Literature. Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy, 13(1) , 3–22, doi:10.1093/reep/rey020.

Costantini, V., F. Crespi, and A. Palma, 2017: Characterizing the policy mix and its impact on eco-innovation: a patent analysis of energy-efficient technologies. Res. Policy, 46(4) , 799–819, doi:10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.004.

Cox, R., 2016: a climate change litigation precedent: Urgenda Foundation v The State of the Netherlands. J. Energy Nat. Resour. Law, 34(2) , doi:10.1080/02646811.2016.1147887.

Coxhead, I. and C. Grainger, 2018: Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform in the Developing World: Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why?Asian Dev. Rev. , 35(2) , 180–203, doi:10.1162/adev_a_00119.

Creasy, A., M. Lane, A. Owen, C. Howarth, and D. Van der Horst, 2021: Representing ‘Place’: City Climate Commissions and the Institutionalisation of Experimental Governance in Edinburgh. Polit. Gov. , 9(2) , 64–75, doi:10.17645/pag.v9i2.3794.

Creutzig, F., 2016: Evolving Narratives of Low-Carbon Futures in Transportation. Transp. Rev. , 36(3) , 341–360, doi:10.1080/01441647.2015.1079277.

Creutzig, F., G. Baiocchi, R. Bierkandt, P.-P. Pichler, and K.C. Seto, 2015: Global typology of urban energy use and potentials for an urbanisation mitigation wedge. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 112(20) , 6283–6288, doi:10.1073/pnas.1315545112.

Creutzig, F. et al., 2018: Towards demand-side solutions for mitigating climate change. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(4) , 268–271, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0121-1.

Criqui, P., M. Jaccard, and T. Sterner, 2019: Carbon Taxation: a Tale of Three Countries. Sustainability, 11(22) , 6280, doi:10.3390/su11226280.

Cronin, J.M., M.B. McCarthy, and A.M. Collins, 2014: Covert distinction: how hipsters practice food-based resistance strategies in the production of identity. Consum. Mark. Cult. , 17(1) , 2–28, doi:10.1080/10253866.2012.678785.

Crowley, K., 2017: Up and down with climate politics 2013-2016: the repeal of carbon pricing in Australia. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change, 8(3) , e458, doi:10.1002/wcc.458.

Culwick, C. et al., 2019: CityLab reflections and evolutions: nurturing knowledge and learning for urban sustainability through co-production experimentation. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. , 39, 9–16, doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2019.05.008.

Dagnachew, A.G., P.L. Lucas, A.F. Hof, and D.P. van Vuuren, 2018: Trade-offs and synergies between universal electricity access and climate change mitigation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Energy Policy, 114, 355–366, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.12.023.

Dal Maso, M., K.H. Olsen, Y. Dong, M.B. Pedersen, and M.Z. Hauschild, 2020: Sustainable development impacts of nationally determined contributions: assessing the case of mini-grids in Kenya. Clim. Policy, 20(7) , 815–831, doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1644987.

Dale, A. et al., 2020: Meeting the climate change challenge: local government climate action in British Columbia, Canada. Clim. Policy, 20(7) , 866–880, doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1651244.

Damigos, D., A. Kontogianni, C. Tourkolias, and M. Skourtos, 2020: Behind the scenes: Why are energy efficient home appliances such a hard sell?Resour. Conserv. Recycl. , 158, 104761, doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104761.

Damsø, T., T. Kjær, and T.B. Christensen, 2016: Local climate action plans in climate change mitigation – examining the case of Denmark. Energy Policy, 89, 74–83, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2015.11.013.

Dang, H.H., A. Michaelowa, and D.D. Tuan, 2003: Synergy of adaptation and mitigation strategies in the context of sustainable development: the case of Vietnam. Clim. Policy, 3, S81–S96, doi:10.1016/j.clipol.2003.10.006.

David, D. and A. Venkatachalam, 2019: a Comparative Study on the Role of Public–Private Partnerships and Green Investment Banks in Boosting Low-Carbon Investments. In: Handbook of Green Finance: Energy Security and Sustainable Development [Sachs, J.D., W.T. Woo, N. Yoshino, and F. Taghizadeh-Hesary (eds.)]. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 261–287.

David, M., 2017: Moving beyond the heuristic of creative destruction: Targeting exnovation with policy mixes for energy transitions. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 33, 138–146, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.09.023.

Davidovic, D. and N. Harring, 2020: Exploring the cross-national variation in public support for climate policies in Europe: The role of quality of government and trust. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 70, 101785, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2020.101785.

Davis, L.W. and G.E. Metcalf, 2016: Does better information lead to better choices? Evidence from energy-efficiency labels. J. Assoc. Environ. Resour. Econ. , 3(3) , 589–625, doi:10.1086/686252.

Davis, L.W. and C.R. Knittel, 2019: Are Fuel Economy Standards Regressive?J. Assoc. Environ. Resour. Econ. , 6(S1) , 7–36, doi:10.1086/701187.

Davis, S.J. et al., 2018: Net-zero emissions energy systems. Science, 360(6396) , eaas9793, doi:10.1126/science.aas9793.

Dawson, N.L. and K. Segerson, 2008: Voluntary Agreements with Industries: Participation Incentives with Industry-Wide Targets. Land Econ. , 84(1) , 97–114, doi:10.3368/le.84.1.97.

de Coninck, H., A. Revi, M. Babiker, P. Bertoldi, M. Buckeridge, A. Cartwright, W. Dong, J. Ford, S. Fuss, J.-C. Hourcade, D. Ley, R. Mechler, P. Newman, A. Revokatova, S. Schultz, L. Steg, and T. Sugiyama, 2018: Strengthening and Implementing the Global Response. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty[Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 313–444.

de Graaf, K.J. and J.H. Jans, 2015: The Urgenda Decision: Netherlands Liable for Role in Causing Dangerous Global Climate Change. J. Environ. Law, 27(3) , 517–527, doi:10.1093/jel/eqv030.

De la Sota, C., V.J. Ruffato-Ferreira, L. Ruiz-García, and S. Alvarez, 2019: Urban green infrastructure as a strategy of climate change mitigation. a case study in northern Spain. Urban For. Urban Green. , 40, 145–151, doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2018.09.004.

de Moor, J., M. De Vydt, K. Uba, and M. Wahlström, 2021: New kids on the block: taking stock of the recent cycle of climate activism. Soc. Mov. Stud. , 20(5) , 619–625, doi:10.1080/14742837.2020.1836617.

De Oliveira Silva, R., L.G. Barioni, G. Queiroz Pellegrino, and D. Moran, 2018: The role of agricultural intensification in Brazil’s Nationally Determined Contribution on emissions mitigation. Agric. Syst. , 161 (January), 102–112, doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2018.01.003.

DEA, 2015: The National Climate Change Response Monitoring and Evaluation System Framework. Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) South Africa, and Climate Action Now, Pretoria, South Africa, 97 pp.https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/nationalclimatechange response_MESF.pdf (Accessed October 25, 2021).

DEA, 2019: South Africa’s 3rd Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), Pretoria, South Africa, 219 pp. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Final 3rd BUR of South Africa 100.pdf.

Dean, B. et al., 2020: Chilling prospects: Tracking Sustainable Cooling for All 2020. Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL), Vienna, Austria, 59 pp. https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2020-07/CP-2020-SEforALL.pdf .

Dejuán, Ó., F. Portella-Carbó, and M. Ortiz, 2020: Economic and environmental impacts of decarbonisation through a hybrid MRIO multiplier-accelerator model. Econ. Syst. Res. , 34 (1) , 1–21, doi:10.1080/09535314.2020.1848808.

del Río, P., 2014: On evaluating success in complex policy mixes: the casex of renewable energy support schemes. Policy Sci. , 47(3) , 267–287, doi:10.1007/s11077-013-9189-7.

del Río, P. and P. Linares, 2014: Back to the future? Rethinking auctions for renewable electricity support. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 35, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.039.

del Río, P. and E. Cerdá, 2017: The missing link: The influence of instruments and design features on the interactions between climate and renewable electricity policies. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 33, 49–58, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.09.010.

Delpiazzo, E., R. Parrado, and G. Standardi, 2015: Phase-out of fossil fuel subsidies: implications for emissions, GDP and public budget. Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), Lecce, Italy, 32 pp.https://www.cmcc.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/rp0275-ecip-12-2015.pdf .

Deng, H.-M., Q.-M. Liang, L.-J. Liu, and L.D. Anadon, 2017: Co-benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation: a review and classification by type, mitigation sector, and geography. Environ. Res. Lett. , 12(12) , 123001, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa98d2.

Deng, Z., D. Li, T. Pang, and M. Duan, 2018: Effectiveness of pilot carbon emissions trading systems in China. Clim. Policy, 18(8) , 992–1011, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1438245.

Dennis, A., 2016: Household welfare implications of fossil fuel subsidy reforms in developing countries. Energy Policy, 96, 597–606, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.06.039.

Denton, F., T.J.Wilbanks, A.C. Abeysinghe, I. Burton, Q. Gao, M.C. Lemos, T. Masui, K.L. O’Brien, and K.Warner, 2015: Climate-resilient Pathways: Adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable development. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L.White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1101–1131.

Devaney, L., D. Torney, P. Brereton, and M. Coleman, 2020: Ireland’s Citizens’ Assembly on Climate Change: Lessons for Deliberative Public Engagement and Communication. Environ. Commun. , 14(2) , 141–146, doi:10.1080/17524032.2019.1708429.

DFFE Republic of South Africa, 2021: South Africa’s 4th Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. UNFCCC, 255 pp. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/South%20Africa%20BUR4%20to%20the%20UNFCCC.pdf .

Di Gregorio, M. et al., 2016: Integrating mitigation and adaptation in climate and land-use policies in Brazil: a policy document analysis. University of Leeds and CIFOR, Leeds, UK and Bogor, Indonesia, 55 pp. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/96279/ (Accessed July 12, 2019).

Di Gregorio, M. et al., 2017: Climate policy integration in the land-use sector: Mitigation, adaptation and sustainable development linkages. Environ. Sci. Policy, 67, 35–43, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2016.11.004.

Di Gregorio, M. et al., 2019: Multi-level governance and power in climate change policy networks. Glob. Environ. Change, 54, 64–77, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.10.003.

Di Gregorio, M., K. Massarella, H. Schroeder, M. Brockhaus, and T.T. Pham, 2020: Building authority and legitimacy in transnational climate change governance: Evidence from the Governors’ Climate and Forests Task Force. Glob. Environ. Change, 64, (September), 102126, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102126.

Diaz, G., F.D. Munoz, and R. Moreno, 2020: Equilibrium Analysis of a Tax on Carbon Emissions with Pass-through Restrictions and Side-payment Rules. Energy J. , 41(2) , doi:10.5547/01956574.41.2.gdia.

Dickson, B. and V. Kapos, 2012: Biodiversity monitoring for REDD+. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. , 4(6) , 717–725, doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2012.09.017.

Diehl, T., B. Huber, H. Gil de Zúñiga, and J. Liu, 2021: Social Media and Beliefs about Climate Change: a Cross-National Analysis of News Use, Political Ideology, and Trust in Science. Int. J. Public Opin. Res. , 33(2) , 197–213, doi:10.1093/ijpor/edz040.

Dietz, T., K.A. Frank, C.T. Whitley, J. Kelly, and R. Kelly, 2015: Political influences on greenhouse gas emissions from US states. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 112(27) , 8254–8259, doi:10.1073/pnas.1417806112.

Dillon, L. et al., 2018: The Environmental Protection Agency in the Early Trump Administration: Prelude to Regulatory Capture. Am. J. Public Health, 108(S2) , S89–S94, doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304360.

Dobrotkova, Z., K. Surana, and P. Audinet, 2018: The price of solar energy: Comparing competitive auctions for utility-scale solar PV in developing countries. Energy Policy, 118, 133–148, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.03.036.

Doll, C.N.H. and J.A.P. de Oliveira (eds.), 2017: Urbanisation and climate co-benefits: Implementation of win-win interventions in cities. Routledge, London, UK, 348 pp.

Domorenok, E., P. Graziano, and L. Polverari, 2021: Introduction: policy integration and institutional capacity: theoretical, conceptual and empirical challenges. Policy Soc. , 40(1) , 1–18, doi:10.1080/14494035.2021.1902058.

Dorband, I.I., M. Jakob, M. Kalkuhl, and J.C. Steckel, 2019: Poverty and distributional effects of carbon pricing in low- and middle-income countries – a global comparative analysis. World Dev. , 115, doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.015.

Dorninger, C. et al., 2020: Leverage points for sustainability transformation: a review on interventions in food and energy systems. Ecol. Econ. , 171, 106570, doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106570.

Dorsch, M.J. and C. Flachsland, 2017: a Polycentric Approach to Global Climate Governance. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 17(2) , 45–64, doi:10.1162/GLEP_a_00400.

Dorsch, M.J., C. Flachsland, and U. Kornek, 2020: Building and enhancing climate policy ambition with transfers: allowance allocation and revenue spending in the EU ETS. Env. Polit. , 29(5) , 781–803, doi:10.1080/09644016.2019.1659576.

Doswald, N. and M. Osti, 2011: Ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation and mitigation – good practice examples and lessons learned in Europe. Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN), Bonn, Germany, 49 pp. https://bfn.bsz-bw.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/491/file/Skript306.pdf (Accessed October 17, 2021).

Doswald, N. et al., 2014: Effectiveness of ecosystem-based approaches for adaptation: review of the evidence-base. Clim. Dev. , 6(2) , 185–201, doi:10.1080/17565529.2013.867247.

Dotson, D.M., S.K. Jacobson, L.L. Kaid, and J.S. Carlton, 2012: Media Coverage of Climate Change in Chile: a Content Analysis of Conservative and Liberal Newspapers. Environ. Commun. , 6(1) , 64–81, doi:10.1080/17524032.2011.642078.

Downie, C., 2018: Ad hoc coalitions in the U.S. energy sector: Case studies in the gas, oil, and coal industries. Bus. Polit. , 20(4) , 643–668, doi:10.1017/bap.2018.18.

Doyle, J., 2016: Mediating Climate Change. Routledge, New York, USA 195 pp.

Drews, S. and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, 2016: What explains public support for climate policies? a review of empirical and experimental studies. Clim. Policy, 16(7) , 855–876, doi:10.1080/14693062.2015.1058240.

Duan, M., Z. Tian, Y. Zhao, and M. Li, 2017: Interactions and coordination between carbon emissions trading and other direct carbon mitigation policies in China. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 33, 59–69, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.09.008.

Duarte, C.M., 2017: Reviews and syntheses: Hidden forests, the role of vegetated coastal habitats in the ocean carbon budget. Biogeosciences, 14(2) , 301–310, doi:10.5194/bg-14-301-2017.

Duarte, C.M., I.J. Losada, I.E. Hendriks, I. Mazarrasa, and N. Marbà, 2013: The role of coastal plant communities for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change, 3(11) , 961–968, doi:10.1038/nclimate1970.

Dubash, N.K., 2021: Varieties of climate governance: the emergence and functioning of climate institutions. Env. Polit. , 30(sup1) , 1–25, doi:10.1080/09644016.2021.1979775.

Dubash, N.K. and N.B. Joseph, 2016: Evolution of Institutions for Climate Policy in India. Econ. Polit. Wkly. , 51(3) , 44–54.

Dubash, N.K., M. Hagemann, N. Höhne, and P. Upadhyaya, 2013: Developments in national climate change mitigation legislation and strategy. Clim. Policy, 13(6) , 649–664, doi:10.1080/14693062.2013.845409.

Dubash, N.K., R. Khosla, U. Kelkar, and S. Lele, 2018: India and Climate Change: Evolving Ideas and Increasing Policy Engagement. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. , 43(1) , 395–424, doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025809.

Dubash, N.K. et al., 2021: National climate institutions complement targets and policies: Institutions can affect coordination, consensus, and strategy. Science (in press).

Duguma, L.A., P.A. Minang, and M. Van Noordwijk, 2014a: Climate change mitigation and adaptation in the land use sector: From complementarity to synergy. Environ. Manage. , 5, 420–432, doi:10.1007/s00267-014-0331-x.

Duguma, L.A., S.W. Wambugu, P.A. Minang, and M. van Noordwijk, 2014b: a systematic analysis of enabling conditions for synergy between climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in developing countries. Environ. Sci. Policy, 42, 138–148, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2014.06.003.

Duit, A. and V. Galaz, 2008: Governance and Complexity – Emerging Issues for Governance Theory. Governance, 21(3) , 311–335, doi:10.1111/j.1468-0491.2008.00402.x.

Dundas, S.J. et al., 2020: Integrating oceans into climate policy: Any green new deal needs a splash of blue. Conserv. Lett. , 13(5) , doi:10.1111/conl.12716.

Dunlap, R.E. and P.J. Jacques, 2013: Climate Change Denial Books and Conservative Think Tanks. Am. Behav. Sci. , 57(6) , 699–731, doi:10.1177/0002764213477096.

Dunlap, R.E. and A.M. McCright, 2015: Challenging Climate Change. In: Climate Change and Society[Dunlap, R. and R. Brulle, (eds.)]. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 300–332.

Dupont, C., 2015: Climate Policy Integration into EU Energy Policy: Progress and Prospects. 1st ed. Routledge, London, UK, 208 pp.

Dupont, C., 2019: The EU’s collective securitisation of climate change. West Eur. Polit. , 42(2) , 369–390, doi:10.1080/01402382.2018.1510199.

Dupont, C. and S. Oberthür, 2012: Insufficient climate policy integration in EU energy policy: the importance of the long-term perspective. J. Contemp. Eur. Res. , 8(2) , 228–247, doi:10.30950/jcer.v8i2.474.

Dupont, C., S. Oberthür, and I. von Homeyer, 2020: The Covid-19 crisis: a critical juncture for EU climate policy development?J. Eur. Integr. , 42(8) , 1095–1110, doi:10.1080/07036337.2020.1853117.

Dzonzi-Undi, J. and S. Li, 2016: Policy influence on clean coal uptake in China, India, Australia, and USA. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, 35(3) , 906–913, doi:10.1002/ep.12288.

Eberhard, A. and T. Kåberger, 2016: Renewable energy auctions in South Africa outshine feed-in tariffs. Energy Sci. Eng. , 4(3) , 190–193, doi:10.1002/ese3.118.

EC, 2019a: Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, The European Council, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions: The European Green Deal. European Commission (EC), Brussels, Belgium, 11.12.2019, COM(2019) 640 final., 24 pp. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52019DC0640.

EC, 2019b: Indications of illegal HFC trade based on an analysis of data reported under the F-gas Regulation, Eurostat dataset and Chinese export data. European Commission (EC), Brussels, Belgium, 8 pp. https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2019-10/report_illegal_t rade_hcf_en.pdf .

EC, 2020a: Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions: ‘Stepping up Europe’s 2030 climate ambition – Investing in a climate-neutral future for the benefit of our people. European Commission (EC), Brussels, Belgium, 26 pp. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0562.

EC, 2020b: Strategic EU Ecolabel Work Plan 2020–2024. European Commission (EC), Brussels, Belgium, 16 pp. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecolabel/documents/EU%20Ecolabel%20Work%20plan%202020-2024%20Dec% 202020.pdf .

Eccles, R.G. and M.P. Krzus, 2018: Why companies should report financial risks from climate change. MIT Sloan Management Review, MIT, October 27.

ECIU, 2019: Countdown to Zero: Plotting progress towards delivering net zero emissions by 2050., London, UK, 16 pp. https://ca1eci.edcdn.com/reports/ECIU_Countdown_to_Net_Zero.pdf (Accessed October 21, 2021).

ECIU, 2021: Net Zero Tracker. https://eciu.net/netzerotracker (Accessed October 1, 2021).

Eckersley, R., 2013: Poles Apart?: The Social Construction of Responsibility for Climate Change in Australia and Norway. Aust. J. Polit. Hist. , 59(3) , 382–396, doi:10.1111/ajph.12022.

Eckersley, R., 2016: National identities, international roles, and the legitimation of climate leadership: Germany and Norway compared. Env. Polit. , 25(1) , 180–201, doi:10.1080/09644016.2015.1076278.

Edenhofer, O. et al., 2017: Decarbonization and EU ETS Reform: Introducing a price floor to drive low-carbon investments. MCC, Berlin, Germany, 20 pp. https://www.mcc-berlin.net/fileadmin/data/C18_MCC_Publications/Decarbonization_EU_ETS_Reform_Policy_Paper.pdf (Accessed March 3, 2021).

Edmondson, D.L., F. Kern, and K.S. Rogge, 2019: The co-evolution of policy mixes and socio-technical systems: Towards a conceptual framework of policy mix feedback in sustainability transitions. Res. Policy, 48(10) , 103555, doi:10.1016/j.respol.2018.03.010.

Edmondson, D.L., K.S. Rogge, and F. Kern, 2020: Zero carbon homes in the UK? Analysing the co-evolution of policy mix and socio-technical system. Environ. Innov. Soc. Transitions, 35, 135–161, doi:10.1016/j.eist.2020.02.005.

EEA, 2019: Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2019: Data reported by companies on the production, import, export, destruction and feedstock use of fluorinated greenhouse gases in the European Union, 2007-2018. European Environment Agency (EEA), Copenhagen, Denmark, 80 pp.https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/fluorinated-greenhouse-gases-2019.

Egeberg, M., 1999: The Impact of Bureaucratic Structure on Policy Making. Public Adm. , 77(1) , 155–170, doi:10.1111/1467-9299.00148.

Eilstrup-Sangiovanni, M. and T.N.P. Bondaroff, 2014: From Advocacy to Confrontation: Direct Enforcement by Environmental NGOs. Int. Stud. Q. , 58(2) , 348–361, doi:10.1111/isqu.12132.

Eisenstat, F., 2011: American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut: How One Less Legal Theory Available in the Effort to Curb Emissions is Actually One Step forward for the Cause. Tulane Environ. Law J. , 25(1) , 221–230.

Ekwurzel, B. et al., 2017: The rise in global atmospheric CO2, surface temperature, and sea level from emissions traced to major carbon producers. Clim. Change, 144(4) , 579–590, doi:10.1007/s10584-017-1978-0.

Elkerbout, M. et al., 2020: The European Green Deal after Corona: Implications for EU climate policy. CEPS, Brussels, Belgium, 12 pp. https://www.ceps.eu/ceps-publications/the-european-green-deal-after-corona/ (Accessed December 13, 2020).

Elliott, T. and J. Earl, 2018: Organizing the Next Generation: Youth Engagement with Activism Inside and Outside of Organizations. Soc. Media + Soc. , 4(1) , 205630511775072, doi:10.1177/2056305117750722.

Ellis, N.R. and P. Tschakert, 2019: Triple-wins as pathways to transformation? a critical review. Geoforum, 103, 167–170, doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.12.006.

Elsharkawy, H. and P. Rutherford, 2018: Energy-efficient retrofit of social housing in the UK: Lessons learned from a Community Energy Saving Programme (CESP) in Nottingham. Energy Build. , 172, 295–306, doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.04.067.

Engels, A., 2018: Understanding how China is championing climate change mitigation. Palgrave Commun. , 4(1) , 101, doi:10.1057/s41599-018-0150-4.

Engels, A., O. Hüther, M. Schäfer, and H. Held, 2013: Public climate-change skepticism, energy preferences and political participation. Glob. Environ. Change, 23(5) , 1018–1027, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.008.

EPA, 2017: Voluntary Energy and Climate Programs, Archive. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climatechange/voluntary-energy-and-climate-programs.html (Accessed December 11, 2019).

EPA, 2019: Global Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Projections & Marginal Abatement Cost Analysis: Methodology Documentation. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 287 pp.https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-09/documents/nonco2_methodology_report.pdf .

Ergas, C., 2010: a Model of Sustainable Living: Collective Identity in an Urban Ecovillage. Organ. Environ. , 23(1) , 32–54, doi:10.1177/1086026609360324.

Erickson, P., S. Kartha, M. Lazarus, and K. Tempest, 2015: Assessing carbon lock-in. Environ. Res. Lett. , 10(8) , 084023, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084023.

Eskander, S., S. Fankhauser, and J. Setzer, 2021: Global Lessons from Climate Change Legislation and Litigation. Environ. Energy Policy Econ. , 2, 44–82, doi:10.1086/711306.

Eskander, S.M.S.U. and S. Fankhauser, 2020: Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from national climate legislation. Nat. Clim. Change, 10(8) , 750–756, doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0831-z.

Eskjær, M., 2013: The Regional Dimension: How Regional Media Systems Condition Global Climate-Change Communication. J. Int. Intercult. Commun. , 6(1) , 61–81, doi:10.1080/17513057.2012.748933.

European Environment Agency, 2019: Sustainability transitions: policy and practice. European Environment Agency, Luxembourg, 184 pp. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/sustainability-transitions-policy-and-practice.

European Union, 2014: Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing Regulation (EC) No 842/2006. The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, Brussels, Belgium, L150/195--230 pp. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/517/oj.

Evans, J. and A. Karvonen, 2014: ‘Give Me a Laboratory and I Will Lower Your Carbon Footprint!’ - Urban Laboratories and the Governance of Low-Carbon Futures. Int. J. Urban Reg. Res. , 38(2) , 413–430, doi:10.1111/1468-2427.12077.

Evensen, D., 2019: The rhetorical limitations of the #FridaysForFuture movement. Nat. Clim. Change, 9(6) , 428–430, doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0481-1.

Eyre, N., S.J. Darby, P. Grünewald, E. McKenna, and R. Ford, 2018: Reaching a 1.5°C target: socio-technical challenges for a rapid transition to low-carbon electricity systems. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. a Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. , 376(2119) , 20160462, doi:10.1098/rsta.2016.0462.

Fahy, D., 2018: Objectivity as Trained Judgment: How Environmental Reporters Pioneered Journalism for a ‘Post-truth’ Era. Environ. Commun. , 12(7) , 855–861, doi:10.1080/17524032.2018.1495093.

Fairbrother, M., I. Johansson Sevä, and J. Kulin, 2019: Political trust and the relationship between climate change beliefs and support for fossil fuel taxes: Evidence from a survey of 23 European countries. Glob. Environ. Change, 59, 102003, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.102003.

Falduto, C. and M. Rocha, 2020: Aligning short-term climate action with long-term climate goals: Opportunities and options for enhancing alignment between NDCs and long-term strategies. OECD, Boulogne-Billancourt, Paris, France, 50 pp. https://www.oecd.org/environment/cc/LEDS-NDC- linkages.pdf .

Falkner, R., 2008: Business Power and Conflict in International Environmental Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK, 242 pp.

Fankhauser, S. and T.K.J. McDermott, 2016: The Economics of Climate-Resilient Development . [Fankhauser, S. and T.K. McDermott, (eds.)]. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK, 256 pp.

Fankhauser, S. et al., 2013: Who will win the green race? In search of environmental competitiveness and innovation. Glob. Environ. Change, 23(5) , 902–913, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.007.

Fankhauser, S., C. Gennaioli, and M. Collins, 2015: The political economy of passing climate change legislation: Evidence from a survey. Glob. Environ. Change, 35, 52–61, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.08.008.

Fankhauser, S., C. Gennaioli, and M. Collins, 2016: Do international factors influence the passage of climate change legislation?Clim. Policy, 16(3) , 318–331, doi:10.1080/14693062.2014.1000814.

Fankhauser, S., A. Averchenkova, and J. Finnegan, 2018: 10 years of the UK Climate Change Act . The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, London, UK, 43 pp. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/10-Years-of-the-UK-Climate-Change-Act_Fankhauser-et-al.pdf .

Farrell, J., 2016a: Network structure and influence of the climate change counter-movement. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(4) , 370–374, doi:10.1038/ nclimate2875.

Farrell, J., 2016b: Corporate funding and ideological polarization about climate change. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 113(1) , 92–97, doi:10.1073/pnas.1509433112.

Farstad, F.M., 2018: What explains variation in parties’ climate change salience?Party Polit. , 24(6) , 698–707, doi:10.1177/1354068817693473.

Farstad, F.M., 2019: Does size matter? Comparing the party politics of climate change in Australia and Norway. Env. Polit. , 28(6) , 997–1016, doi:10.1080/09644016.2019.1625146.

Fast, S. et al., 2016: Lessons learned from Ontario wind energy disputes. Nat. Energy, 1(2) , 7, doi:10.1038/nenergy.2015.28.

Fekete, H. et al., 2021: a review of successful climate change mitigation policies in major emitting economies and the potential of global replication. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 137, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110602.

Feldman, L., P.S. Hart, and T. Milosevic, 2017: Polarizing news? Representations of threat and efficacy in leading US newspapers’ coverage of climate change. Public Underst. Sci. , 26(4) , 481–497, doi:10.1177/0963662515595348.

Fenwick, J., K.J. Miller, and D. McTavish, 2012: Co-governance or meta-bureaucracy? Perspectives of local governance ‘partnership’ in England and Scotland. Policy Polit. , 40(3) , 405–422, doi:10.1332/147084411X581907.

Ferrante, L. and P.M. Fearnside, 2019: Brazil’s new president and ‘ruralists’ threaten Amazonia’s environment, traditional peoples and the global climate. Environ. Conserv. , 46(4) , 261–263, doi:10.1017/S0376892919000213.

Ferreira, P.G., 2016: ‘Common But Differentiated Responsibilities’ in the National Courts: Lessons from Urgenda v. The Netherlands. Transnatl. Environ. Law, 5(2) , 329–351, doi:10.1017/S2047102516000248.

Finnegan, J., 2018: Changing prices in a changing climate: electoral competitiveness and fossil fuel taxation. London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK, 54 pp. http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/ wp-content/uploads/2018/10/working-paper-307-Finnegan.pdf (Accessed December 16, 2019).

Finnegan, J., 2019: Institutions, climate change, and the foundations of longterm policymaking. London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK, 55 pp. http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/working-paper-321-Finnegan-1.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Fischer, C., 2008: Comparing flexibility mechanisms for fuel economy standards. Energy Policy, 36(8) , 3116–3124, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.03.042.

Fischer, C. and R.G. Newell, 2008: Environmental and technology policies for climate mitigation. J. Environ. Econ. Manage. , 55(2) , 142–162, doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2007.11.001.

Fischer, C. and A.K. Fox, 2012: Comparing policies to combat emissions leakage: Border carbon adjustments versus rebates. J. Environ. Econ. Manage. , 64(2) , 199–216, doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2012.01.005.

Fisher, D., 2004: National governance and the global climate change regime. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Washington, DC, 206 pp.

Fisher, D., 2019: American resistance: From the Women’s March to the Blue Wave. Columbia University Press, New York City, USA, 216 pp.

Fisher, D.R., 2010: COP-15 in Copenhagen: How the Merging of Movements Left Civil Society Out in the Cold. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 10(2) , 11–17, doi:10.1162/glep.2010.10.2.11.

Fisher, D.R., 2019: The broader importance of #FridaysForFuture. Nat. Clim. Change, 9(6) , 430–431, doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0484-y.

Fisher, D.R. and P. Leifeld, 2019: The polycentricity of climate policy blockage. Clim. Change, 155(4) , 469–487, doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02481-y.

Fisher, D.R. and S. Nasrin, 2021a: Shifting Coalitions within the Youth Climate Movement in the US. Polit. Gov. , 9(2) , 112–123, doi:10.17645/pag.v9i2.3801.

Fisher, D.R. and S. Nasrin, 2021b: Climate activism and its effects. WIREs Clim. Change, 12(1) , e683, doi:10.1002/wcc.683.

Fisher, D.R., K. Stanley, D. Berman, and G. Neff, 2005: How Do Organizations Matter? Mobilization and Support for Participants at Five Globalization Protests. Soc. Probl. , 52(1) , 102–121, doi:10.1525/sp.2005.52.1.102.

Fisher, E., E. Scotford, and E. Barritt, 2017: The Legally Disruptive Nature of Climate Change. Mod. Law Rev. , 80(2) , 173–201, doi:10.1111/1468-2230.12251.

Fitch-Roy, O., 2016: An offshore wind union? Diversity and convergence in European offshore wind governance. Clim. Policy, 16(5) , 586–605, doi:10.1080/14693062.2015.1117958.

Fitch-Roy, O., D. Benson, and C. Mitchell, 2019a: Wipeout? Entrepreneurship, policy interaction and the EU’s 2030 renewable energy target. J. Eur. Integr. , 41(1) , 87–103, doi:10.1080/07036337.2018.1487961.

Fitch-Roy, O.W., D. Benson, and B. Woodman, 2019b: Policy Instrument Supply and Demand: How the Renewable Electricity Auction Took over the World. Polit. Gov. , 7(1) , 81–91, doi:10.17645/pag.v7i1.1581.

Flachsland, C. and S. Levi, 2021: Germany’s Federal Climate Change Act. Env. Polit. , 30(sup1) , 118–140, doi:10.1080/09644016.2021.1980288.

Fleig, A., N.M. Schmidt, and J. Tosun, 2017: Legislative Dynamics of Mitigation and Adaptation Framework Policies in the EU. Eur. Policy Anal. , 3(1) , 101–124, doi:10.1002/epa2.1002.

Floater, G. et al., 2016: Co-benefits of urban climate action: a framework for cities. London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK, 86 pp. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/68876/ (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Flowers, M.E. et al., 2016: Climate impacts on the cost of solar energy. Energy Policy, 94, 264–273, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.04.018.

Foerster, A., 2019: Climate Justice and Corporations. King’s Law J. , 30(2) , 305–322, doi:10.1080/09615768.2019.1645447.

Foerster, A., J. Peel, H. Osofsky, and B. McDonnell, 2017: Keeping Good Company in the Transition to a Low Carbon Economy? An Evaluation of Climate Risk Disclosure Practices in Australia. Co. Secur. Law J. , 35(3) , 154–183, doi: 10.1080/09615768.2019.1645447.

Ford, J.D. et al., 2016: Including indigenous knowledge and experience in IPCC assessment reports. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(4) , 349–353, doi:10.1038/nclimate2954.

Fouquet, R., 2016: Path dependence in energy systems and economic development. Nat. Energy, 1(8) , 16098, doi:10.1038/nenergy.2016.98.

Fowlie, M. and M. Reguant, 2018: Challenges in the Measurement of Leakage Risk. AEA Pap. Proc. , 108, 124–129, doi:10.1257/pandp.20181087.

Fowlie, M., M. Greenstone, and C. Wolfram, 2018: Do Energy Efficiency Investments Deliver? Evidence from the Weatherization Assistance Program. Q. J. Econ. , 133(3) , 1597–1644, doi:10.1093/qje/qjy005.

Fox, J., J. Axsen, and M. Jaccard, 2017: Picking Winners: Modelling the Costs of Technology-specific Climate Policy in the U.S. Passenger Vehicle Sector. Ecol. Econ. , 137, 133–147, doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.03.002.

Fox, J.A. and L.D. Brown, eds., 1998: The Struggle for Accountability: The World Bank, NGOs, and Grassroots Movements. 1st ed. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 548 pp.

Frank, D.J., A. Hironaka, and E. Schofer, 2000: The Nation-State and the Natural Environment over the Twentieth Century. Am. Sociol. Rev. , 65(1) , 96–116, doi:10.2307/2657291.

Franta, B., 2017: Litigation in the Fossil Fuel Divestment Movement. Law Policy, 39(4) , 393–411, doi:10.1111/lapo.12086.

Fraser, N., 1995: From Redistribution to Recognition? Dilemmas of Justice in a ‘Post-Socialist’ Age. New Left Rev. , 0(212) , 68.

Fredriksson, P.G. and D.L. Millimet, 2004: Electoral rules and environmental policy. Econ. Lett. , 84(2) , 237–244, doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2004.02.008.

Fredriksson, P.G. and E. Neumayer, 2016: Corruption and Climate Change Policies: Do the Bad Old Days Matter?Environ. Resour. Econ. , 63(2) , 451–469, doi:10.1007/s10640-014-9869-6.

Freudenburg, W.R. and V. Muselli, 2010: Global warming estimates, media expectations, and the asymmetry of scientific challenge. Glob. Environ. Change, 20(3) , 483–491, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.04.003.

Friedrichs, J. and O.R. Inderwildi, 2013: The carbon curse: Are fuel rich countries doomed to high CO2 intensities?Energy Policy, 62, 1356–1365, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.076.

Friel, S. et al., 2011: Climate Change, Noncommunicable Diseases, and Development: The Relationships and Common Policy Opportunities. Annu. Rev. Public Health, 32(1) , 133–147, doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071910-140612.

Friman, M. and M. Hjerpe, 2015: Agreement, significance, and understandings of historical responsibility in climate change negotiations. Clim. Policy, 15(3) , 302–320, doi:10.1080/14693062.2014.916598.

Froese, R. and J. Schilling, 2019: The Nexus of Climate Change, Land Use, and Conflicts. Curr. Clim. Change Reports, 5(1) , 24–35, doi:10.1007/s40641-019-00122-1.

Frumhoff, P.C., R. Heede, and N. Oreskes, 2015: The climate responsibilities of industrial carbon producers. Clim. Change, 132(2) , 157–171, doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1472-5.

FSR Climate, 2019: a literature-based assessment of the EU ETS. Florence School of Regulation, European University Institute, Florence, Italy, 224 pp.

Fudge, S., M. Peters, and B. Woodman, 2016: Local authorities as niche actors: the case of energy governance in the UK. Environ. Innov. Soc. Transitions, 18, 1–17, doi:10.1016/j.eist.2015.06.004.

Fuhr, H., T. Hickmann, and K. Kern, 2018: The role of cities in multi-level climate governance: local climate policies and the 1.5°C target. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. , 30, 1–6, doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2017.10.006.

Fuller, S. and D. McCauley, 2016: Framing energy justice: perspectives from activism and advocacy. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 11, 1–8, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2015.08.004.

Fuso Nerini, F. et al., 2019: Connecting climate action with other Sustainable Development Goals. Nat. Sustain. , 2(8) , 674–680, doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0334-y.

Ganguly, G., J. Setzer, and V. Heyvaert, 2018: If at First You Don’t Succeed: Suing Corporations for Climate Change. Oxf. J. Leg. Stud. , 38(4) , 841–868, doi:10.1093/ojls/gqy029.

Gao, J., C. Guan, and B. Zhang, 2020: China’s CH4 emissions from coal mining: a review of current bottom-up inventories. Sci. Total Environ. , 725, 138295, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138295.

Garcetti, E., 2019: L.A.’s Green New Deal: Sustainable City pLAn 2019. City of Los Angeles, USA, 152 pp. https://plan.lamayor.org/sites/default/files/pLAn_2019_final.pdf .

Garcia-Lamarca, M. et al., 2021: Urban green boosterism and city affordability: For whom is the ‘branded’ green city?Urban Stud. , 58(1) , 90–112, doi:10.1177/0042098019885330.

Garcia Hernandez, A.L. and S. Bolwig, 2020: Understanding climate policy integration in the global South through the multiple streams framework. Clim. Dev. , 13(1) , 68–80, doi:10.1080/17565529.2020.1723471.

Gass, P. and D. Echeverria, 2017: Fossil fuel subsidy reform and the just transition: Integrating approaches for complementary outcomes. International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg, USA, 47 pp. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/fossil-fuel-subsidy-reform-just-transition.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Gattuso, J. et al., 2018: Ocean Solutions to Address Climate Change and Its Effects on Marine Ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci. , 5 (October), art337, doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00337.

Gaulin, N. and P. Le Billon, 2020: Climate change and fossil fuel production cuts: assessing global supply-side constraints and policy implications. Clim. Policy, 20(8) , 888–901, doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1725409.

Gavard, C., S. Voigt, and A. Genty, 2018: Using Emissions Trading Schemes to Reduce Heterogeneous Distortionary Taxes: the Case of Recycling Carbon Auction Revenues to Support Renewable Energy. Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), Mannheim, Germany, 35 pp. http://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp18058.pdf .

Geall, S., W. Shen, and Gongbuzeren, 2018: Solar energy for poverty alleviation in China: State ambitions, bureaucratic interests, and local realities. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 41, 238–248, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2018.04.035.

Gebara, M.F., L. Fatorelli, P. May, and S. Zhang, 2014: REDD+ policy networks in Brazil: constraints and opportunities for successful policy making. Ecol. Soc. , 19(3) , 53, doi:10.5751/ES-06744-190353.

Geden, O., 2016: The Paris Agreement and the inherent inconsistency of climate policymaking. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change, 7(6) , 790–797, doi:10.1002/wcc.427.

Geden, O., G.P. Peters, and V. Scott, 2019: Targeting carbon dioxide removal in the European Union. Clim. Policy, 19(4) , 487–494, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1536600.

Geels, F.W., 2014: Regime Resistance against Low-Carbon Transitions: Introducing Politics and Power into the Multi-Level Perspective. Theory, Cult. Soc. , 31(5) , 21–40, doi:10.1177/0263276414531627.

Geels, F.W., B.K. Sovacool, T. Schwanen, and S. Sorrell, 2017a: Sociotechnical transitions for deep decarbonization. Science, 357(6357) , 1242–1244, doi:10.1126/science.aao3760.

Geels, F.W., B.K. Sovacool, T. Schwanen, and S. Sorrell, 2017b: The Socio-Technical Dynamics of Low-Carbon Transitions. Joule, 1(3) , 463–479, doi:10.1016/j.joule.2017.09.018.

Gençsü, I. et al., 2020: Phasing out public financial flows to fossil fuel production in Europe. Clim. Policy, 20(8) , 1010–1023, doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1736978.

Genus, A. and K. Theobald, 2016: Creating low-carbon neighbourhoods: a critical discourse analysis. Eur. Urban Reg. Stud. , 23(4) , 782–797, doi:10.1177/0969776414546243.

Gerlagh, R. and O. Kuik, 2007: Carbon Leakage with International Technology Spillovers. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/74024 (Accessed October 18, 2021).

Gerlagh, R., R.J.R.K. Heijmans, and K.E. Rosendahl, 2020: COVID-19 Tests the Market Stability Reserve. Environ. Resour. Econ. , 76(4) , 855–865, doi:10.1007/s10640-020-00441-0.

German Federal Ministry of Finance, 2020: Emerging from the crisis with full strength. Federal Ministry of Finance, Germanyza, Berlin, Germany. https://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/EN/Standardartikel/Topics/Public-Finances/Articles/2020-06-04-fiscal-package.html (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Geroski, P.A., 1995: Markets for technology: knowledge, innovation and appropriability. In: Handbook of the Economics of Innovation and Technological Change[Stoneman, P., (ed.)]. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK, pp. 90–131.

Gerrard, M.B., 2021: Climate Change Litigation in the United States: High Volume of Cases, Mostly About Statutes. In: Climate Change Litigation: Global Perspectives[Alogna, I., C. Bakker, and J.-P. Gauci, (eds.)]. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, pp. 33–46.

Ghaleigh, N.S., 2021: Climate Constitutionalism of the UK Supreme Court. J. Environ. Law, 33(2) , 441–447, doi:10.1093/jel/eqab013.

Giampieri, M.A. et al., 2019: Visions of resilience: lessons from applying a digital democracy tool in New York’s Jamaica Bay watershed. Urban Ecosyst. , 22(1) , 1–17, doi:10.1007/s11252-017-0701-2.

Gill, S., J. Handley, A. Ennos, and S. Pauleit, 2007: Adapting Cities for Climate Change: The Role of the Green Infrastructure. Built Environ. , 33(1) , 115–133, doi:10.2148/benv.33.1.115.

Gillan, S.L. and L.T. Starks, 2007: The Evolution of Shareholder Activism in the United States. In: Institutional Investor Activism: Hedge Funds and Private Equity, Economics and Regulation[Bratton, W. and J. McCahery, (eds.)]. Vol. 19. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 39–72.

Gillard, R., A. Gouldson, J. Paavola, and J. Van Alstine, 2016: Transformational responses to climate change: beyond a systems perspective of social change in mitigation and adaptation. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 7 (April), 251–265, doi:10.1002/wcc.384.

Giraudet, L.-G. and P. Quirion, 2008: Efficiency and distributional impacts of tradable white certificates compared to taxes, subsidies and regulations. Rev. d’économie Polit. , 118, 885–914.

Givoni, M., J. Macmillen, D. Banister, and E. Feitelson, 2013: From Policy Measures to Policy Packages. Transp. Rev. , 33(1) , 1–20, doi:10.1080/01441647.2012.744779.

Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, 2018: Implementing Climate Ambition: Global Covenant of Mayors 2018 Global Aggregation Report . Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, Brussels, Belgium, 6 pp.https://www.globalcovenantofmayors.org/wp-content/uploads/ 2018/09/2018_GCOM_report_web.pdf (Accessed December 12, 2019).

Glynn, P., T. Cadman, and T.N. Maraseni, 2017: Business, Organized Labour and Climate Policy: Forging a Role at the Negotiating Table. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, 256 pp.

Goeschl, T., 2019: Cold Case: The forensic economics of energy efficiency labels for domestic refrigeration appliances. Energy Econ. , 84, 104468, doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2019.08.001.

Goldberg, M.H., J.R. Marlon, X. Wang, S. van der Linden, and A. Leiserowitz, 2020: Oil and gas companies invest in legislators that vote against the environment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 117(10) , 5111–5112, doi:10.1073/pnas.1922175117.

Goldthau, A. and L. Hughes, 2020: Protect global supply chains for low-carbon technologies. Nature, 585, 3 doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-02499-8.

Gomez-Echeverri, L., 2018: Climate and development: enhancing impact through stronger linkages in the implementation of the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. , 376(2119) , doi:10.1098/rsta.2016.0444.

Gomez Echeverri, L., 2018: Investing for rapid decarbonization in cities. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. , 30, 42–51, doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2018.02.010.

Gomez, J., 2013: The limitations of climate change donor intervention as deus ex machina: evidence from Sorsogon, the Philippines. Int. Dev. Plan. Rev. , 35(4) , 371–394, doi:10.3828/idpr.2013.26.

Gordon, D. and M. Acuto, 2015: If Cities Are the Solution, What Are the Problems? The Promise and Perils of Urban Climate Leadership. In: The Urban Climate Challenge: Rethinking the Role of Cities in the Global Climate Regime[Johnson, C., N. Toly, and H. Schroeder, (eds.)]. Routledge, London, UK, pp. 63–91.

Gordon, D.J., 2015: An Uneasy Equilibrium: The Coordination of Climate Governance in Federated Systems. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 15(2) , 121–141, doi:10.1162/GLEP_a_00301.

Gössling, S. and R. Buckley, 2016: Carbon labels in tourism: persuasive communication?J. Clean. Prod. , 111, 358–369, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.067.

Gössling, S., A. Humpe, and T. Bausch, 2020: Does ‘flight shame’ affect social norms? Changing perspectives on the desirability of air travel in Germany. J. Clean. Prod. , 266, 122015, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122015.

Goulder, L.H. and R.N. Stavins, 2011: Challenges from State-Federal Interactions in US Climate Change Policy. Am. Econ. Rev. , 101(3) , 253–257, doi:10.1257/aer.101.3.253.

Goulder, L.H., M.A.C. Hafstead, G. Kim, and X. Long, 2019: Impacts of a carbon tax across US household income groups: What are the equity-efficiency trade-offs?J. Public Econ. , 175, 44–64, doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2019.04.002.

Gouldson, A. et al., 2016: Cities and climate change mitigation: Economic opportunities and governance challenges in Asia. Cities, 54, 11–19, doi:10.1016/j.cities.2015.10.010.

Grafakos, S. et al., 2018: Integrating mitigation and adaptation: Opportunities and challenges. In: Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network[Rosenzweig, C., P. Romero-Lankao, S. Mehrotra, S. Dhakal, and S.A. Ibrahim, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, pp. 101–138.

Grafakos, S., K. Trigg, M. Landauer, L. Chelleri, and S. Dhakal, 2019: Analytical framework to evaluate the level of integration of climate adaptation and mitigation in cities. Clim. Change, 154(1–2) , 87–106, doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02394-w.

Grafakos, S. et al., 2020: Integration of mitigation and adaptation in urban climate change action plans in Europe: a systematic assessment. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 121 (January), 109623, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109623.

Grainger, C.A. and C.D. Kolstad, 2010: Who Pays a Price on Carbon?Environ. Resour. Econ. , 46(3) , doi:10.1007/s10640-010-9345-x.

Grandin, J., H. Haarstad, K. Kjærås, and S. Bouzarovski, 2018: The politics of rapid urban transformation. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. , 31, 16–22, doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2017.12.002.

Granoff, I., J.R. Hogarth, and A. Miller, 2016: Nested barriers to low-carbon infrastructure investment. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(12) , 1065–1071, doi:10.1038/nclimate3142.

Grant, D. and I.B. Vasi, 2017: Civil Society in an Age of Environmental Accountability: How Local Environmental Nongovernmental Organizations Reduce U.S. Power Plants’ Carbon Dioxide Emissions. Sociol. Forum, 32(1) , 94–115, doi:10.1111/socf.12318.

Grant, D., A. Jorgenson, and W. Longhofer, 2018: Pathways to Carbon Pollution: The Interactive Effects of Global, Political, and Organizational Factors on Power Plants’ CO2 Emissions. Sociol. Sci. , 5, 58–92, doi:10.15195/v5.a4.

Grashof, K., 2021: Who put the hammer in the toolbox? Explaining the emergence of renewable energy auctions as a globally dominant policy instrument. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 73, 101917, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2021.101917.

Grashof, K., V. Berkhout, R. Cernusko, and M. Pfennig, 2020: Long on promises, short on delivery? Insights from the first two years of onshore wind auctions in Germany. Energy Policy, 140, 111240, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111240.

Greater London Authority, 2018: London Environment Strategy. Greater London Authority, London, UK, 452 pp. https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/london_environment_strategy.pdf (Accessed October 17, 2021).

Green, F., 2018: Anti-fossil fuel norms. Clim. Change, 150(1–2) , 103–116, doi:10.1007/s10584-017-2134-6.

Green, F. and A. Gambhir, 2020: Transitional assistance policies for just, equitable and smooth low-carbon transitions: who, what and how?Clim. Policy, 20(8) , 902–921, doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1657379.

Green, J.F., 2021: Does carbon pricing reduce emissions? a review of ex-post analyses. Environ. Res. Lett. , 16(4) , doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abdae9.

Green, J.F. and T.N. Hale, 2017: Reversing the Marginalization of Global Environmental Politics in International Relations: An Opportunity for the Discipline. PS Polit. Sci. Polit. , 50(02) , 473–479, doi:10.1017/S1049096516003024.

Greiner, S. and A. Michaelowa, 2003: Defining Investment Additionality for CDM projects—practical approaches. Energy Policy, 31(10) , doi:10.1016/S0301-4215(02)00142-8.

Griffin, P.A., 2020: Energy finance must account for extreme weather risk. Nat. Energy, 5(2) , 98–100, doi:10.1038/s41560-020-0548-2.

Grossman, E., 2019: France’s Yellow Vests – Symptom of a Chronic Disease. Polit. Insight , 10(1) , 30–34, doi:10.1177/2041905819838152.

Grubb, M. et al., 2015: a review of Chinese CO2 emission projections to 2030: the role of economic structure and policy. Clim. Policy, 15(sup1) , S7–S39, doi:10.1080/14693062.2015.1101307.

Grubb, M. et al., 2020: Consumption-oriented policy instruments for fostering greenhouse gas mitigation. Clim. Policy, 20(sup1) , S58–S73, doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1730151.

Guey, A. and A. Bilich, 2019: Multi-level governance and coordination under Kenya’s National Climate Change Act . GIZ, in cooperation with UNDP, Bonn and Eschborn, Germany, 11 pp. https://transparency-partnership.net/system/files/document/200114_GPD_Kenya_RZ.pdf .

Gugler, K., A. Haxhimusa, and M. Liebensteiner, 2021: Effectiveness of climate policies: Carbon pricing vs. subsidizing renewables. J. Environ. Econ. Manage. , 106, 1–22, doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2020.102405.

Gupta, D., F. Ghersi, S.S. Vishwanathan, and A. Garg, 2020: Macroeconomic assessment of India’s development and mitigation pathways. Clim. Policy, 20(7) , 779–799, doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1648235.

Gurara, D., V. Klyuev, N. Mwase, and A. F. Presbitero, 2018: Trends and Challenges in Infrastructure Investment in Developing Countries. Int. Dev. Policy Rev. Int. Polit. développement [Online], 10.1, doi:10.4000/poldev.2802.

Guy, S., V. Henshaw, and O. Heidrich, 2015: Climate change, adaptation and Eco-Art in Singapore. J. Environ. Plan. Manag. , 58(1) , 39–54, doi:10.1080/09640568.2013.839446.

Haarstad, H., 2016: Where are urban energy transitions governed? Conceptualizing the complex governance arrangements for low-carbon mobility in Europe. Cities, 54, 4–10, doi:10.1016/j.cities.2015.10.013.

Haase, D. et al., 2017: Greening cities – To be socially inclusive? About the alleged paradox of society and ecology in cities. Habitat Int. , 64, 41–48, doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2017.04.005.

Haasnoot, M., J.H. Kwakkel, W.E. Walker, and J. ter Maat, 2013: Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: a method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Glob. Environ. Change, 23(2) , 485–498, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006.

Habib, S., S. Abdelmonen, and M. Khaled, 2020: The Effect of Corruption on the Environmental Quality in African Countries: a Panel Quantile Regression Analysis. J. Knowl. Econ. , 11(2) , 788–804, doi:10.1007/s13132-018-0571-8.

Hadden, J., 2014: Explaining Variation in Transnational Climate Change Activism: The Role of Inter-Movement Spillover. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 14(2) , 7–25, doi:10.1162/GLEP_a_00225.

Hadden, J., 2015: Networks in Contention: The Divisive Politics of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 224 pp.

Hadden, J. and L. Jasny, 2019: The Power of Peers: How Transnational Advocacy Networks Shape NGO Strategies on Climate Change. Br. J. Polit. Sci. , 49(2) , 637–659, doi:10.1017/S0007123416000582.

Haenfler, R., B. Johnson, and E. Jones, 2012: Lifestyle Movements: Exploring the Intersection of Lifestyle and Social Movements. Soc. Mov. Stud. , 11(1) , 1–20, doi:10.1080/14742837.2012.640535.

Hainsch, K. et al., 2020: Make the European Green Deal real: Combining climate neutrality and economic recovery. DIW Berlin: Politikberatung kompakt, Berlin, 77 pp. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/222849/1/1701746166.pdf (Accessed March 3, 2021).

Haites, E., 2016: Experience with linking greenhouse gas emissions trading systems. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Energy Environ. , 5(3) , 246–260, doi:10.1002/wene.191.

Haites, E., 2018: Carbon taxes and greenhouse gas emissions trading systems: what have we learned?Clim. Policy, 18(8) , 955–966, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1492897.

Haites, E. et al., 2018: Experience with Carbon Taxes and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Systems. Duke Environ. Law Policy Forum, 29, 109–182, doi: 10.1002/wene.191.

Hakelberg, L., 2014: Governance by Diffusion: Transnational Municipal Networks and the Spread of Local Climate Strategies in Europe. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 14(1) , 107–129, doi:10.1162/GLEP_a_00216.

Hall, P.A. and D. Soskice, eds., 2001: Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 560 pp.

Halsnæs, K. et al., 2014: Climate change mitigation policy paradigms—national objectives and alignments. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change, 19(1) , 45–71, doi:10.1007/s11027-012-9426-y.

Hamarat, C., J.H. Kwakkel, E. Pruyt, and E.T. Loonen, 2014: An exploratory approach for adaptive policymaking by using multi-objective robust optimization. Simul. Model. Pract. Theory, 46, 25–39, doi:10.1016/j.simpat.2014.02.008.

Hamilton, J., R. Mayne, Y. Parag, and N. Bergman, 2014: Scaling up local carbon action: the role of partnerships, networks and policy. Carbon Manag. , 5(4) , 463–476, doi:10.1080/17583004.2015.1035515.

Han, H., 2017: Singapore, a Garden City: Authoritarian Environmentalism in a Developmental State. J. Environ. Dev. , 26(1) , 3–24, doi:10.1177/ 1070496516677365.

Han, H. and S.W. Ahn, 2020: Youth Mobilization to Stop Global Climate Change: Narratives and Impact. Sustainability, 12(10) , 4127, doi:10.3390/su12104127.

Hanna, R., Y. Xu, and D.G. Victor, 2020: After COVID-19, green investment must deliver jobs to get political traction. Nature, 582, 178–180, doi:10.1038/d41586-020-01682-1.

Hans, F., T. Day, F. Röser, J. Emmrich, and M. Hagemann, 2020: Making Long-Term Low GHG Emissions Development Strategies a Reality, GIZ, Bonn and NewClimate Institute, Cologne. https://newclimate.org/2020/05/28/making-long-term-low-ghg-emissions-development-strategies-a-reality/.

Hansen, A. and D. Machin, 2008: Visually branding the environment: climate change as a marketing opportunity. Discourse Stud. , 10(6) , 777–794, doi:10.1177/1461445608098200.

Harbinson, R., 2006: Whatever the weather Media attitudes to reporting climate change. Panos Institute, London, UK, 16 pp. http://panoslondon.panosnetwork.org/wp-content/files/2011/03/whatever_weathermjwnSt.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Harring, N., 2013: Understanding the Effects of Corruption and Political Trust on Willingness to Make Economic Sacrifices for Environmental Protection in a Cross-National Perspective. Soc. Sci. Q. , 94(3) , 660–671, doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00904.x.

Harring, N., S.C. Jagers, and S. Matti, 2019: The significance of political culture, economic context and instrument type for climate policy support: a cross-national study. Clim. Policy, 19(5) , 636–650, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1547181.

Harrison, K. and L.M. Sundstrom, 2010: Introduction: Global Commons, Domestic Decisions. In: Global Commons, Domestic Decisions: The Comparative Politics of Climate Change[Harrison, K. and L.M. Sundstrom, (eds.)]. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, pp. 328.

Harrison, T. and G. Kostka, 2014: Balancing Priorities, Aligning Interests: Developing Mitigation Capacity in China and India. Comp. Polit. Stud. , 47(3) , 450–480, doi:10.1177/0010414013509577.

Hathaway, J.R., 2020: Climate Change, the Intersectional Imperative, and the Opportunity of the Green New Deal. Environ. Commun. , 14(1) , 13–22, doi:10.1080/17524032.2019.1629977.

Hawkey, D. and J. Webb, 2014: District energy development in liberalised markets: situating UK heat network development in comparison with Dutch and Norwegian case studies. Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag. , 26(10) , 1228–1241, doi:10.1080/09537325.2014.971001.

Haynes, J., 1999: Power, politics and environmental movements in the Third World. Env. Polit. , 8(1) , 222–242, doi:10.1080/09644019908414445.

Heede, R., 2014: Tracing anthropogenic carbon dioxide and methane emissions to fossil fuel and cement producers, 1854–2010. Clim. Change, 122(1–2) , 229–241, doi:10.1007/s10584-013-0986-y.

Heidrich, O. et al., 2016: National climate policies across Europe and their impacts on cities strategies. J. Environ. Manage. , 168 (March 2016), 36–45, doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.043.

Heikkinen, M., T. Ylä-Anttila, and S. Juhola, 2019: Incremental, reformistic or transformational: what kind of change do C40 cities advocate to deal with climate change?J. Environ. Policy Plan. , 21(1) , 90–103, doi:10.1080/1523908X.2018.1473151.

Helm, D., C. Hepburn, and R. Mash, 2003: Credible Carbon Policy. Oxford Rev. Econ. Policy, 19(3) , 438–450, doi:10.1093/oxrep/19.3.438.

Hennessey, R., J. Pittman, A. Morand, and A. Douglas, 2017: Co-benefits of integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation in the Canadian energy sector. Energy Policy, 111 (December), 214–221, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.09.025.

Hepburn, C., K. Neuhoff, W. Acworth, D. Burtraw, and F. Jotzo, 2016: The economics of the EU ETS market stability reserve. J. Environ. Econ. Manage. , 80 (November), 1–5, doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2016.09.010.

Hepburn, C., B. O’Callaghan, N. Stern, J. Stiglitz, and D. Zenghelis, 2020: Will COVID-19 fiscal recovery packages accelerate or retard progress on climate change?Oxford Rev. Econ. Policy, 36(sup1) , S359–S381, doi:10.1093/oxrep/graa015.

Hermwille, L., 2018: Making initiatives resonate: how can non-state initiatives advance national contributions under the UNFCCC?Int. Environ. Agreements Polit. Law Econ. , 18(3) , 447–466, doi:10.1007/s10784-018-9398-9.

Hermwille, L., W. Obergassel, and C. Arens, 2015: The transformative potential of emissions trading. Carbon Manag. , 6(5–6) , 261–272, doi:10.1080/17583004.2016.1151552.

Herr, D. and E. Landis, 2016: Coastal blue carbon ecosystems: Opportunities for Nationally Determined Contributions. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and TNC, Washington, DC, USA, 28 pp. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/48422.

Hess, D.J., 2019: Cooler coalitions for a warmer planet: a review of political strategies for accelerating energy transitions. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 57, 101246, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2019.101246.

Hess, D.J. and R.G. McKane, 2021: Making sustainability plans more equitable: an analysis of 50 U.S. Cities. Local Environ. , 26(4) , 461–476, doi:10.1080/13549839.2021.1892047.

Hewitt, D. and S. Coakley, 2019: Transforming our buildings for a low-carbon era: Five key strategies. Electr. J. , 32(7) , 106624, doi:10.1016/j.tej.2019.106624.

Hibbard, P.J., S.F. Tierney, P.G. Darling, and S. Cullinan, 2018: An expanding carbon cap-and-trade regime? a decade of experience with RGGI charts a path forward. Electr. J. , 31(5) , 1–8, doi:10.1016/j.tej.2018.05.015.

High-Level Commission on Carbon Prices, 2017: Report of the High-Level Commission on Carbon Prices. Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition, Washington, DC, 68 pp. https://static1.squarespace.com/ static/54ff9c5ce4b0a53decccfb4c/t/59244eed17bffc0ac256cf16/1495551 740633/CarbonPricing_Final_May29.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Hill, S.D., J. Knott, and J.K.S Hill, 2010: Too close for comfort: Social controversies surrounding wind farm noise setback policies in Ontario. Renew. Energy Law Policy Rev. , 2, 153–168.

Hilson, C., 2019: Climate Populism, Courts, and Science. J. Environ. Law, 31(3) , 395–398, doi:10.1093/jel/eqz021.

Hindery, D., 2013: From Enron to Evo: Pipeline Politics, Global Environmentalism, and Indigenous Rights in Bolivia. 1st edition. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, USA, pp. 328.

Hirt, L.F., M. Sahakian, and E. Trutnevyte, 2021: What socio-technical regimes foster solar energy champions? Analysing uneven photovoltaic diffusion at a sub-national level in Switzerland. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 74, 101976, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2021.101976.

Hmielowski, J.D., L. Feldman, T.A. Myers, A. Leiserowitz, and E. Maibach, 2014: An attack on science? Media use, trust in scientists, and perceptions of global warming. Public Underst. Sci. , 23(7) , 866–883, doi:10.1177/0963662513480091.

Hochstetler, K., 2020: Political Economies of Energy Transition: Wind and Solar Power in Brazil and South Africa. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 278 pp.

Hochstetler, K., 2021: Climate institutions in Brazil: three decades of building and dismantling climate capacity. Env. Polit. , 30(sup1) , 49–70, doi:10.1080/09644016.2021.1957614.

Hochstetler, K. and G. Kostka, 2015: Wind and Solar Power in Brazil and China: Interests, State–Business Relations, and Policy Outcomes. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 15(3) , 74–94, doi:10.1162/GLEP_a_00312.

Hodson, M. and S. Marvin, 2009: Cities mediating technological transitions: understanding visions, intermediation and consequences. Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag. , 21(4) , 515–534, doi:10.1080/09537320902819213.

Hodson, M., J. Evans, and G. Schliwa, 2018: Conditioning experimentation: The struggle for place-based discretion in shaping urban infrastructures. Environ. Plan. C Polit. Sp. , 36(8) , 1480–1498, doi:10.1177/2399654418765480.

Hoewe, J. and L. Ahern, 2017: First-Person Effects of Emotional and Informational Messages in Strategic Environmental Communications Campaigns. Environ. Commun. , 11(6) , 810–820, doi:10.1080/17524032.2017.1371050.

Hoffmann, M.J., 2011: Climate Governance at the Crossroads: Experimenting with a Global Response after Kyoto. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 237 pp.

Höhne, N. et al., 2021: Wave of net zero emission targets opens window to meeting the Paris Agreement. Nat. Clim. Change, 11(10) , 820–822, doi:10.1038/s41558-021-01142-2.

Holden, M. and M.T. Larsen, 2015: Institutionalizing a policy by any other name: in the City of Vancouver’s Greenest City Action Plan, does climate change policy or sustainability policy smell as sweet?Urban Res. Pract. , 8(3) , 354–370, doi:10.1080/17535069.2015.1051382.

Holland, B., 2017: Procedural justice in local climate adaptation: political capabilities and transformational change. Env. Polit. , 26(3) , 391–412, doi:10.1080/09644016.2017.1287625.

Holland, S.P., J.E. Hughes, C.R. Knittel, and N.C. Parker, 2015: Unintended consequences of carbon policies: Transportation fuels, land-use, emissions, and innovation. Energy J. , 36(3) , 35–74, doi:10.5547/01956574.36.3.2.

Holmberg, A. and A. Alvinius, 2020: Children’s protest in relation to the climate emergency: a qualitative study on a new form of resistance promoting political and social change. Childhood, 27(1) , 78–92, doi:10.1177/0907568219879970.

Holmes, D. and C. Star, 2018: Climate Change Communication in Australia: The Politics, Mainstream Media and Fossil Fuel Industry Nexus. In: Handbook of Climate Change Communication: Vol. 1. Climate Change Management [Leal Filho, W., E. Manolas, A. Azul, U. Azeiteiro, and H. McGhie (eds.)]. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 151–170. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69838-0_10.

Hölscher, K., J.M. Wittmayer, and D. Loorbach, 2018: Transition versus transformation: What’s the difference?Environ. Innov. Soc. Transitions, 27, 1–3, doi:10.1016/j.eist.2017.10.007.

Holtz, G. et al., 2018: Competences of local and regional urban governance actors to support low-carbon transitions: Development of a framework and its application to a case-study. J. Clean. Prod. , 177, 846–856, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.137.

Hönle, S.E., C. Heidecke, and B. Osterburg, 2019: Climate change mitigation strategies for agriculture: an analysis of nationally determined contributions, biennial reports and biennial update reports. Clim. Policy, 19(6) , 688–702, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1559793.

Hoornweg, D., L. Sugar, and C.L. Trejos Gómez, 2011: Cities and greenhouse gas emissions: moving forward. Environ. Urban. , 23(1) , 207–227, doi:10.1177/0956247810392270.

Horne, M., 2020: Climate Emergency Action Plan – RTS 13199. City of Vancouver, 371 pp. https://council.vancouver.ca/20201103/documents/p1.pdf .

Horne, R. and S. Moloney, 2019: Urban low-carbon transitions: institution-building and prospects for interventions in social practice. Eur. Plan. Stud. , 27(2) , 336–354, doi:10.1080/09654313.2018.1472745.

Hornsey, M.J., E.A. Harris, and K.S. Fielding, 2018: Relationships among conspiratorial beliefs, conservatism and climate scepticism across nations. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(7) , 614–620, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0157-2.

Houghton, A., 2011: Health Impact Assessments: a Tool for Designing Climate Change Resilience Into Green Building and Planning Projects. J. Green Build. , 6(2) , 66–87, doi:10.3992/jgb.6.2.66.

Houle, D., E. Lachapelle, and M. Purdon, 2015: Comparative Politics of Sub-Federal Cap-and-Trade: Implementing the Western Climate Initiative. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 15(3) , 49–73, doi:10.1162/GLEP_a_00311.

Howard, J. et al., 2017: Clarifying the role of coastal and marine systems in climate mitigation. Front. Ecol. Environ. , 15(1) , 42–50, doi:10.1002/fee.1451.

Howlett, M. and P. del Rio, 2015: The parameters of policy portfolios: verticality and horizontality in design spaces and their consequences for policy mix formulation. Environ. Plan. C Gov. Policy, 33(5) , 1233–1245, doi:10.1177/0263774X15610059.

Howlett, M.P. and S. Oliphant, 2010: Environmental Organizations and Climate Change Policy Capacity: An Assessment of the Canadian Case. Can. Polit. Sci. Rev. , 4(2–3) , 18–35.

Hsu, A., A.J. Weinfurter, and K. Xu, 2017: Aligning sub-national climate actions for the new post-Paris climate regime. Clim. Change, 142(3–4) , 419–432, doi:10.1007/s10584-017-1957-5.

Hsu, A. et al., 2018: Bridging the Emissions Gap – The Role of Non- State and Sub-national Actors. In The Emissions Gap Report 2018. a UN Environment Synthesis Report . UNEP, Nairobi, 27 pp. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/26093/NonState_Emissions_Gap.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1 (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Hsu, A. et al., 2019: a research roadmap for quantifying non-state and sub-national climate mitigation action. Nat. Clim. Change, 9(1) , 11–17, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0338-z.

Hsu, A. et al., 2020a: ClimActor, harmonized transnational data on climate network participation by city and regional governments. Sci. Data, 7(1) , 374, doi:10.1038/s41597-020-00682-0.

Hsu, A., N. Höhne, T. Kuramochi, V. Vilariño, and B.K. Sovacool, 2020b: Beyond states: Harnessing sub-national actors for the deep decarbonisation of cities, regions, and businesses. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 70(3) , 101738, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2020.101738.

Hsu, A. et al., 2020c: Performance determinants show European cities are delivering on climate mitigation. Nat. Clim. Change, 10(11) , 1015–1022, doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0879-9.

Huang, P., V. Castán Broto, Y. Liu, and H. Ma, 2018: The governance of urban energy transitions: a comparative study of solar water heating systems in two Chinese cities. J. Clean. Prod. , 180, 222–231, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.053.

Huber, R.A., L. Fesenfeld, and T. Bernauer, 2020: Political populism, responsiveness, and public support for climate mitigation. Clim. Policy, 20(3) , 373–386, doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1736490.

Huggel, C. et al., 2015: a framework for the science contribution in climate adaptation: Experiences from science-policy processes in the Andes. Environ. Sci. Policy, 47, 80–94, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2014.11.007.

Hughes, L., 2019a: The Rocky Hill decision: a watershed for climate change action?J. Energy Nat. Resour. Law, 37(3) , 341–351, doi:10.1080/02646811.2019.1600272.

Hughes, S., 2013: Justice in urban climate change adaptation: Criteria and application to Delhi. Ecol. Soc. , 18(4) , doi:10.5751/ES-05929-180448.

Hughes, S., 2019b: Repowering Cities: Governing Climate Change Mitigation in New York City, Los Angeles and Toronto. Cornell University Press, Ithaca; New York, USA, 224 pp.

Hughes, S. and P. Romero-Lankao, 2014: Science and institution building in urban climate-change policymaking. Env. Polit. , 23(6) , 1023–1042, doi:10.1080/09644016.2014.921459.

Hughes, S. and M. Hoffmann, 2020: Just urban transitions: Toward a research agenda. WIREs Clim. Change, 11(3) , 1–11, doi:10.1002/wcc.640.

Huitema, D. et al., 2011: The evaluation of climate policy: theory and emerging practice in Europe. Policy Sci. , 44(2) , 179–198, doi:10.1007/s11077-011-9125-7.

Hultman, N.E. et al., 2020: Fusing subnational with national climate action is central to decarbonization: the case of the United States. Nat. Commun. , 11(1) , 5255, doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18903-w.

Humby, T.-L., 2018: The Thabametsi Case: Case No 65662/16 Earthlife Africa Johannesburg v Minister of Environmental Affairs. J. Environ. Law, 30(1) , 145–155, doi:10.1093/jel/eqy007.

Hurlstone, M.J., S. Lewandowsky, B.R. Newell, and B. Sewell, 2014: The Effect of Framing and Normative Messages in Building Support for Climate Policies. PLoS One, 9(12) , e114335, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114335.

Huttunen, S., P. Kivimaa, and V. Virkamäki, 2014: The need for policy coherence to trigger a transition to biogas production. Environ. Innov. Soc. Transitions, 12, 14–30, doi:10.1016/j.eist.2014.04.002.

Hvelplund, F. and S. Djørup, 2017: Multilevel policies for radical transition: Governance for a 100% renewable energy system. Environ. Plan. C Polit. Sp. , 35(7) , 1218–1241, doi:10.1177/2399654417710024.

Iacobuta, G., N.K. Dubash, P. Upadhyaya, M. Deribe, and N. Höhne, 2018: National climate change mitigation legislation, strategy and targets: a global update. Clim. Policy, 18(9) , 1114–1132, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1489772.

IEA, 2015: Energy and climate change: World energy outlook special report . International Energy Agency, (IEA) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France, 200 pp.https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/8d783513-fd22-463a-b57d-a0d8d608d86f/WEO2015SpecialReportonEnergyandClimateChange.pdf (Accessed March 20, 2021).

IEA, 2020: IEA Energy subsidies: Tracking the impact of fossil-fuel subsidies. International Energy Agency, (IEA). https://www.iea.org/topics/energy-subsidies (Accessed December 21, 2020).

IEA, 2021: IEA Policies Database. International Energy Agency, (IEA).https://www.iea.org/policies (Accessed October 28, 2021).

Ihobe – Environmental Management Agency, 2017: Nature-based solutions for local climate adaptation in the Basque Country: Methodological guide for their identification and mapping. Ministry of the Environment, Territorial Planning and Housing, Basque Government, Bilbao, 91 pp. https://www.ihobe.eus/Publicaciones/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=97801056-cd1f-4503-bafa-f54fa80d9a44&Cod=adbf2e51-3d8c-4879-ab8d-9a7ab8d48e45&Idioma=en-GB.

IISD, 2019: Raising Ambition Through Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform: Greenhouse gas emissions modelling results from 26 countries. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Winnipeg, Canada, and Geneva, Switzerland, 54 pp. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/raising-ambition-through-fossil-fuel-subsidy-reform.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Ikeme, J., 2003: Equity, environmental justice and sustainability: incomplete approaches in climate change politics. Glob. Environ. Change, 13(3) , 195–206, doi:10.1016/S0959-3780(03)00047-5.

Inderberg, T.H.J., 2019: Climate Change Acts as diffusing governance innovations: adoption and implications of the UK model in Finland and Norway. Proceeds of 14th Nordic Environmental Social Science (NESS) Conference, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, Luleå, Sweden, 9–11.

Inglehart, R. and P. Norris, 2017: Trump and the Populist Authoritarian Parties: The Silent Revolution in Reverse. Perspect. Polit. , 15(2) , 443–454, doi:10.1017/S1537592717000111.

Ingold, K. and M. Fischer, 2014: Drivers of collaboration to mitigate climate change: An illustration of Swiss climate policy over 15 years. Glob. Environ. Change, 24, 88–98, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.11.021.

IPBES, 2019: Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. [Díaz, S., J. Settele, E. S. Brondízio, H.T. Ngo, M. Guèze et al., (eds.)]. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), Bonn, Germany, 56 pp.

IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Parry, M., O. Canziani, J. Palutikof, P. Van der Linden, and C. Hanson, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, USA, 976 pp.

IPCC, 2014a: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, [Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, and M.D. Mastrandrea, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 1–32 pp.

IPCC, 2014b: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp.

IPCC, 2018: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty[Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA.

IRENA, 2019: Renewable energy auctions: Status and trends beyond price. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Abu Dhabi, 104 pp. https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/Dec/Renewable-energy-auctions-Status-and-trends-beyond-price (Accessed October 27, 2021).

Irwin, A. and B. Wynne, eds., 1996: Misunderstanding Science?The Public Reconstruction of Science and Technology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 232 pp.

Islam, S. and M.Z.R. Khan, 2017: a Review of Energy Sector of Bangladesh. Energy Procedia, 110, 611–618, doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.193.

Ismer, R., K. Neuhoff, and A. Pirlot, 2020: Border Carbon Adjustments and Alternative Measures for the EU ETS: An Evaluation. Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW), Berlin, Germany, 23 pp. https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.743698.de/dp1855.pdf (Accessed October 18, 2021).

Jaccard, M., R. Murphy, B. Zuehlke, and M. Braglewicz, 2019: Cities and greenhouse gas reduction: Policy makers or policy takers?Energy Policy, 134, 110875, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.07.011.

Jackson, A., 2020: Ireland’s Climate Action and Low Carbon Development Act 2015: Symbolic Legislation, Systemic Litigation, Stepping Stone? In: National Climate Change Acts: The Emergence, Form and Nature of National Framework Climate Legislation[Muinzer, T.L., (ed.)]. Bloomsbury, London, UK, pp. 129–152.

Jacobs, B. and F. van der Ploeg, 2019: Redistribution and pollution taxes with non-linear Engel curves. J. Environ. Econ. Manage. , 95, 198–226, doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2019.01.008.

Jacques, P.J., R.E. Dunlap, and M. Freeman, 2008: The organisation of denial: Conservative think tanks and environmental scepticism. Env. Polit. , 17(3) , 349–385, doi:10.1080/09644010802055576.

Jaffe, A.B. and R.N. Stavins, 1995: Dynamic Incentives of Environmental Regulations: The Effects of Alternative Policy Instruments on Technology Diffusion. J. Environ. Econ. Manage. , 29(3) , S43–S63, doi:10.1006/jeem.1995.1060.

Jaffe, A.B., R.G. Newell, and R.N. Stavins, 2002: Environmental policy and technological change. Environ. Resour. Econ. , 22, 41–70, doi:10.1023/A:1015519401088.

Jahn, D., 2016: The Politics of Environmental Performance: Institutions and Preferences in Industrialized Democracies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 376 pp.

Jakob, M., C. Chen, S. Fuss, A. Marxen, and O. Edenhofer, 2015: Development incentives for fossil fuel subsidy reform. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(8) , 709–712, doi:10.1038/nclimate2679.

Jang, M., J.-A. Kim, and S.-T. Sun, 2010: Development and Evaluation of Laws and Regulation for the Low-Carbon and Green Growth in Korea. Int. J. Urban Sci. , 14(2) , 191–206, doi:10.1080/12265934.2010.9693676.

Jänicke, M. and R.K.W. Wurzel, 2019: Leadership and lesson-drawing in the European Union’s multilevel climate governance system. Env. Polit. , 28(1) , 22–42, doi:10.1080/09644016.2019.1522019.

Jasny, L. and D.R. Fisher, 2019 : Echo chambers in climate science. Environ. Res. Commun. , 1(10) , 101003, doi:10.1088/2515-7620/ab491c.

Jasny, L., J. Waggle, and D.R. Fisher, 2015: An empirical examination of echo chambers in US climate policy networks. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(8) , 782–786, doi:10.1038/nclimate2666.

Jaumotte, F. et al., 2020: Mitigating climate change – Growth- and distribution-friendly strategies. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, USA, 85–114 pp. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/09/30/world-economic-outlook-october-2020.

Jaumotte, F., W. Liu, and W.J. McKibbin, 2021: Mitigating Climate Change: Growth-Friendly Policies to Achieve Net Zero Emissions by 2050. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, USA, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/07/23/Mitigating-Climate-Change-Growth-Friendly-Policies-to-Achieve-Net-Zero-Emissions-by-2050-462136 (Accessed September 24, 2021).

Jenkins, K., D. McCauley, R. Heffron, H. Stephan, and R. Rehner, 2016: Energy Justice: a conceptual review. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 11, 174–182, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2015.10.004.

Jensen, C.B. and J.-J. Spoon, 2011: Testing the ‘Party Matters’ Thesis: Explaining Progress Towards Kyoto Protocol Targets. Polit. Stud. , 59(1) , 99–115, doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.2010.00852.x.

Jewell, J. and A. Cherp, 2020: On the political feasibility of climate change mitigation pathways: Is it too late to keep warming below 1.5°C?Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change, 11(1) , e621, doi:10.1002/wcc.621.

Jewell, J. et al., 2018: Limited emission reductions from fuel subsidy removal except in energy-exporting regions. Nature, 554(7691) , 229–233, doi:10.1038/nature25467.

Jewell, J., V. Vinichenko, L. Nacke, and A. Cherp, 2019: Prospects for powering past coal. Nat. Clim. Change, 9(8) , 592–597, doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0509-6.

Joas, F. and C. Flachsland, 2016: The (ir)relevance of transaction costs in climate policy instrument choice: an analysis of the EU and the US. Clim. Policy, 16(1) , 26–49, doi:10.1080/14693062.2014.968762.

Jodoin, S., 2017: Forest Preservation in a Changing Climate: REDD+ and Indigenous and Community Rights in Indonesia and Tanzania. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 252 pp.

Jodoin, S., S. Snow, and A. Corobow, 2020: Realizing the Right to Be Cold? Framing Processes and Outcomes Associated with the Inuit Petition on Human Rights and Global Warming. Law Soc. Rev. , 54(1) , 168–200, doi:10.1111/lasr.12458.

Joffe, H. and N. Smith, 2016: City dweller aspirations for cities of the future: How do environmental and personal well-being feature?Cities, 59, 102–112, doi:10.1016/j.cities.2016.06.006.

Jogesh, A. and N.K. Dubash, 2015: State-led experimentation or centrally-motivated replication? a study of state action plans on climate change in India. J. Integr. Environ. Sci. , 12(4) , 247–266, doi:10.1080/1943815X.2015.1077869.

Johnsson, F., J. Kjärstad, and J. Rootzén, 2019: The threat to climate change mitigation posed by the abundance of fossil fuels. Clim. Policy, 19(2) , 258–274, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1483885.

Johnstone, N., I. Haščič, J. Poirier, M. Hemar, and C. Michel, 2012: Environmental policy stringency and technological innovation: evidence from survey data and patent counts. Appl. Econ. , 44(17) , 2157–2170, doi:10.1080/00036846.2011.560110.

Joltreau, E. and K. Sommerfeld, 2019: Why does emissions trading under the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) not affect firms’ competitiveness? Empirical findings from the literature. Clim. Policy, 19(4) , 453–471, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1502145.

Jones, S., 2013: Climate Change Policies of City Governments in Federal Systems: An Analysis of Vancouver, Melbourne and New York City. Reg. Stud. , 47(6) , 974–992, doi:10.1080/00343404.2011.585150.

Jones, S., 2014: Flirting with Climate Change: a Comparative Policy Analysis of Sub-national Governments in Canada and Australia. J. Comp. Policy Anal. Res. Pract. , 16(5) , 424–440, doi:10.1080/13876988.2014.942570.

Jordaan, S.M., A. Davidson, J.A. Nazari, and I.M. Herremans, 2019: The dynamics of advancing climate policy in federal political systems. Environ. Policy Gov. , 29(3) , 220–234, doi:10.1002/eet.1849.

Jordan, A., D. Huitema, H. Asselt and J. Forster, 2018a: Governing Climate Change: Polycentricity in Action?Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Jordan, A., D. Huitema, H. van Asselt, and J. Forster, eds., 2018: Governing Climate Change: Polycentricity in Action?1st ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 408 pp.

Jordan, A.J. and B. Moore, 2020: Durable by Design? Policy Feedback in a Changing Climate. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 276 pp.

Jordan, A.J. et al., 2015: Emergence of polycentric climate governance and its future prospects. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(11) , 977–982, doi:10.1038/nclimate2725.

Jörgensen, K., A. Jogesh, and A. Mishra, 2015a: Multi-level climate governance and the role of the subnational level. J. Integr. Environ. Sci. , 12(4) , 235–245, doi:10.1080/1943815X.2015.1096797.

Jörgensen, K., A. Mishra, and G.K. Sarangi, 2015b: Multi-level climate governance in India: the role of the states in climate action planning and renewable energies. J. Integr. Environ. Sci. , 12(4) , 267–283, doi:10.1080/1943815X.2015.1093507.

Jorgenson, A.K., C. Dick, and J.M. Shandra, 2011: World Economy, World Society, and Environmental Harms in Less-Developed Countries*. Sociol. Inq. , 81(1) , 53–87, doi:10.1111/j.1475-682X.2010.00354.x.

Jost, G.F. and K. Jacob, 2004: The climate change policy network in Germany. Eur. Environ. , 14(1) , 1–15, doi:10.1002/eet.337.

Jotzo, F., T. Jordan, and N. Fabian, 2012: Policy Uncertainty about Australia’s Carbon Price: Expert Survey Results and Implications for Investment. Aust. Econ. Rev. , 45(4) , 395–409, doi:10.1111/j.1467-8462.2012.00709.x.

Jotzo, F. et al., 2018: China’s emissions trading takes steps towards big ambitions. Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 265–267, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0130-0.

Jotzo, F., T. Longden, and Z. Anjum, 2020: Fiscal stimulus for low-carbon compatible COVID-19 recovery: criteria for infrastructure investment . Crawford School of Public Policy Centre for Climate & Energy Policy, ANU, Canberra, Australia, 43 pp. https://www.energy-transition-hub.org/files/resource/attachment/ccep2005_low-carbon_stimulus_-_jotzo_longden_anjum.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Jung, J., P. Petkanic, D. Nan, and J.H. Kim, 2020: When a Girl Awakened the World: a User and Social Message Analysis of Greta Thunberg. Sustainability, 12(7) , 2707, doi:10.3390/su12072707.

Kadefors, A., S. Lingegård, S. Uppenberg, J. Alkan-Olsson, and D. Balian, 2020: Designing and implementing procurement requirements for carbon reduction in infrastructure construction – international overview and experiences. J. Environ. Plan. Manag. , 64(4) , 1–24, doi:10.1080/09640568.2020.1778453.

Kahsar, R., 2021: The soft path revisited: Policies that drive decentralization of electric power generation in the contiguous U.S. Energy Policy, 156, 112429, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112429.

Kalfagianni, A. and O. Kuik, 2017: Seeking optimality in climate change agri-food policies: stakeholder perspectives from Western Europe. Clim. Policy, 17, S72–S92, doi:10.1080/14693062.2016.1244508.

Kamiya, G. and J. Teter, 2019: Shared, automated… and electric? – Analysis. International Energy Agency (IEA), Paris, France, https://www.iea.org/commentaries/shared-automated-and-electric (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Kammerer, M. and C. Namhata, 2018: What drives the adoption of climate change mitigation policy? a dynamic network approach to policy diffusion. Policy Sci. , 51(4) , 477–513, doi:10.1007/s11077-018-9332-6.

Kammerer, M. et al., 2021: What Explains Collaboration in High and Low Conflict Contexts? Comparing Climate Change Policy Networks in Four Countries. Policy Stud. J. , 49(4), 1065–1086, doi:10.1111/psj.12422.

Kanger, L., B.K. Sovacool, and M. Noorkõiv, 2020: Six policy intervention points for sustainability transitions: a conceptual framework and a systematic literature review. Res. Policy, 49(7) , 104072, doi:10.1016/j.respol.2020.104072.

Karani, P. and P. Failler, 2020: Comparative coastal and marine tourism, climate change, and the blue economy in African Large Marine Ecosystems. Environ. Dev. , 36 (January), 100572, doi:10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100572.

Karceski, S.M., N. Dolšak, A. Prakash, and T.N. Ridout, 2020: Did TV ads funded by fossil fuel industry defeat the Washington carbon tax?Clim. Change, 158(3–4) , 301–307, doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02626-z.

Karlsson, M., E. Alfredsson, and N. Westling, 2020: Climate policy co-benefits: a review. Clim. Policy, 20(3) , 292–316, doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1724070.

Kashwan, P., 2015: Forest Policy, Institutions, and REDD+ in India, Tanzania, and Mexico. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 15(3) , 95–117, doi:10.1162/GLEP_a_00313.

Keele, D.M., 2017: Climate Change Litigation and the National Environmental Policy Act. J. Environ. Law, 30(2) , 285–309, doi:10.1093/jel/eqx030.

Keenan, R.J., L. Caripis, A. Foerster, L. Godden, and J. Peel, 2012: Science and the governance of Australia’s climate regime. Nat. Clim. Change, 2(7) , 477–478, doi:10.1038/nclimate1608.

Kennedy, C., S. Demoullin, and E. Mohareb, 2012: Cities reducing their greenhouse gas emissions. Energy Policy, 49, 774–777, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.07.030.

Kern, F. and K.S. Rogge, 2018: Harnessing theories of the policy process for analysing the politics of sustainability transitions: a critical survey. Environ. Innov. Soc. Transitions, 27 (November 2017), 102–117, doi:10.1016/j.eist.2017.11.001.

Kern, F., K.S. Rogge, and M. Howlett, 2019: Policy mixes for sustainability transitions: New approaches and insights through bridging innovation and policy studies. Res. Policy, 48(10) , 103832, doi:10.1016/j.respol.2019.103832.

Kernecker, T. and M. Wagner, 2019: Niche parties in Latin America. J. Elections, Public Opin. Parties, 29(1) , 102–124, doi:10.1080/17457289.2018.1464014.

Khan, F. and B.K. Sovacool, 2016: Testing the efficacy of voluntary urban greenhouse gas emissions inventories. Clim. Change, 139(2) , 141–154, doi:10.1007/s10584-016-1793-z.

Khan, M., D. Mfitumukiza, and S. Huq, 2020: Capacity building for implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement. Clim. Policy, 20(4) , 499–510, doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1675577.

Khreis, H., A.D. May, and M.J. Nieuwenhuijsen, 2017: Health impacts of urban transport policy measures: a guidance note for practice. J. Transp. Heal. , 6, 209–227, doi:10.1016/j.jth.2017.06.003.

Kim, E., 2016: The politics of climate change policy design in Korea. Env. Polit. , 25(3) , 454–474, doi:10.1080/09644016.2015.1104804.

Kim, S.E., J. Urpelainen, and J. Yang, 2016: Electric utilities and American climate policy: lobbying by expected winners and losers. J. Public Policy, 36(2) , 251–275, doi:10.1017/S0143814X15000033.

Kinniburgh, C., 2019: Climate Politics after the Yellow Vests. Dissent , 66(2) , 115–125, doi:10.1353/dss.2019.0037.

Kissinger, G., A. Gupta, I. Mulder, and N. Unterstell, 2019: Climate financing needs in the land sector under the Paris Agreement: An assessment of developing country perspectives. Land-use policy, 83, 256–269, doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.02.007.

Kivimaa, P. and F. Kern, 2016: Creative destruction or mere niche support? Innovation policy mixes for sustainability transitions. Res. Policy, 45(1) , 205–217, doi:10.1016/j.respol.2015.09.008.

Kivimaa, P., D. Huitema, A. Jordan, and J. Newig, 2017a: Experiments in climate governance – a systematic review of research on energy and built environment transitions. J. Clean. Prod. , 169, 17–29, doi:10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2017.01.027.

Kivimaa, P., H.-L. Kangas, and D. Lazarevic, 2017b: Client-oriented evaluation of ‘creative destruction’ in policy mixes: Finnish policies on building energy efficiency transition. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 33(SI) , 115–127, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.09.002.

Klausbruckner, C., H. Annegarn, L.R.F. Henneman, and P. Rafaj, 2016: A policy review of synergies and trade-offs in South African climate change mitigation and air pollution control strategies. Environ. Sci. Policy, 57, 70–78, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2015.12.001.

Klein, R.J.T., E.L.F. Schipper, and S. Dessai, 2005: Integrating mitigation and adaptation into climate and development policy: three research questions. Environ. Sci. Policy, 8(6) , 579–588, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2005.06.010.

Kleinschmidt, J., 2020: HFC refrigerant prices fell again in the third quarter of 2019. Öko_recherche, Frankfurt, 2 pp. https://www.oekorecherche.de/sites/default/files/publikationen/vdkf_jk_preismonitoring_3-2019.pdf (Accessed October 29, 2021).

Klenert, D. et al., 2018: Making carbon pricing work for citizens. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(8) , 669–677, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0201-2.

Klinsky, S., 2018: An initial scoping of transitional justice for global climate governance. Clim. Policy, 18(6) , 752–765, doi:10.1080/14693062.2017.1377594.

Kluczek, A. and P. Olszewski, 2017: Energy audits in industrial processes. J. Clean. Prod. , 142(4) , 3437–3453, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.123.

Kneese, A.V. and C.L. Schultze, 1975: Pollution, prices, and public policy. The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, USA, 136 pp.

Knodt, M., M. Ringel, and R. Müller, 2020: ‘Harder’ soft governance in the European Energy Union. J. Environ. Policy Plan. , 22(6) , 787–800, doi:10.1080/1523908X.2020.1781604.

Knox-Hayes, J., 2016: The Cultures of Markets: The Political Economy of Climate Governance. 1st ed. Oxford University Press, New York, USA, 352 pp.

Koch, N. and H. Basse Mama, 2019: Does the EU Emissions Trading System induce investment leakage? Evidence from German multinational firms. Energy Econ. , 81, 479–492, doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2019.04.018.

Köhler, J. et al., 2019: An agenda for sustainability transitions research: State of the art and future directions. Environ. Innov. Soc. Transitions, 31, 1–32, doi:10.1016/j.eist.2019.01.004.

Kollenberg, S. and L. Taschini, 2019: Dynamic supply adjustment and banking under uncertainty in an emission trading scheme: The market stability reserve. Eur. Econ. Rev. , 118, 213–226, doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.05.013.

Kona, A. et al., 2016: Covenant of Mayors: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Achievements and Projections. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 59 pp. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ae6b48ff-aa54-11e6-aab7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en.

Kong, N. and S. Hardman, 2019: UC Davis Research Reports Title Electric Vehicle Incentives in 13 Leading Electric Vehicle Markets. Plug-in Hybrid & Electric Vehicle Research Center, UC Davis, California, USA, 1–22 pp. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fm3x5bh (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Kongsager, R. and E. Corbera, 2015: Linking Mitigation and Adaptation in Carbon Forestry Projects: Evidence from Belize. World Dev. , 76, 132–146, doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.07.003.

Kongsager, R., B. Locatelli, and F. Chazarin, 2016: Addressing Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Together: a Global Assessment of Agriculture and Forestry Projects. Environ. Manage. , 57(2) , 271–282, doi:10.1007/s00267-015-0605-y.

Kooij, H.-J. et al., 2018: Between grassroots and treetops: Community power and institutional dependence in the renewable energy sector in Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 37, 52–64, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.09.019.

Koplow, D., 2018: Defining and Measuring Fossil Fuel Subsidies. In: The Politics of Fossil Fuel Subsidies and their Reform[Skovgaard, J. and H. Van Asselt, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, UK, pp. 23–46.

Kotilainen, K. et al., 2019: From path dependence to policy mixes for Nordic electric mobility: Lessons for accelerating future transport transitions. Policy Sci. , 52(4) , 573–600, doi:10.1007/s11077-019-09361-3.

Kotze, L. and A. du Plessis, 2019: Putting Africa on the Stand: a Bird’s Eye View of Climate Change Litigation on the Continent. Univ. Oregon’s J. Environ. Law Litig. , 50(3) , 615–663.

Krause, R.M., H. Yi, and R.C. Feiock, 2016: Applying Policy Termination Theory to the Abandonment of Climate Protection Initiatives by U.S. Local Governments. Policy Stud. J. , 44(2) , 176–195, doi:10.1111/psj.12117.

Kriegler, E. et al., 2018: Short term policies to keep the door open for Paris climate goals. Environ. Res. Lett. , 13(7) , 074022, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aac4f1.

Krzywoszynska, A. et al., 2016: Co-producing energy futures: impacts of participatory modelling. Build. Res. Inf. , 44(7) , 804–815, doi:10.1080/09613218.2016.1211838.

Kukkonen, A. et al., 2018: International organizations, advocacy coalitions, and domestication of global norms: Debates on climate change in Canada, the US, Brazil, and India. Environ. Sci. Policy, 81, 54–62, doi:10.1016/J.ENVSCI.2017.12.008.

Kulovesi, K. and S. Oberthür, 2020: Assessing the EU’s 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework: Incremental change toward radical transformation?Rev. Eur. Comp. Int. Environ. Law, 29(2) , 151–166, doi:10.1111/reel.12358.

Kundzewicz, Z.W. et al., 2018: Uncertainty in climate change impacts on water resources. Environ. Sci. Policy, 79 (October 2017), 1–8, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2017.10.008.

Kuramochi, T. et al., 2020: Beyond national climate action: the impact of region, city, and business commitments on global greenhouse gas emissions. Clim. Policy, 20(3) , 275–291, doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1740150.

Kuusi, T. et al., 2020: Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms and Their Economic Impact on Finland and the EU. ETLA Economic Research, Helsinki, Finland, https://www.etla.fi/en/publications/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanisms-and-their-economic-impact-on-finland-and-the-eu/(Accessed October 18, 2021).

Kuzemko, C., M. Lockwood, C. Mitchell, and R. Hoggett, 2016: Governing for sustainable energy system change: Politics, contexts and contingency. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 12, 96–105, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2015.12.022.

Kwakkel, J.H., W.E. Walker, and M. Haasnoot, 2016: Coping with the Wickedness of Public Policy Problems: Approaches for Decision-Making under Deep Uncertainty. J. Water Resour. Plan. Manag. , 142(3) , 01816001, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000626.

Kyle, J., 2018: Local Corruption and Popular Support for Fuel Subsidy Reform in Indonesia. Comp. Polit. Stud. , 51(11) , 1472–1503, doi:10.1177/0010414018758755.

La Porta, R., F. Lopez‐de‐Silanes, A. Shleifer, and R.W. Vishny, 1998: Law and Finance. J. Polit. Econ. , 106(6) , 1113–1155, doi:10.1086/250042.

Labeaga, J.M., X. Labandeira, and X. López-Otero, 2021: Energy taxation, subsidy removal and poverty in Mexico. Environ. Dev. Econ. , 26(3) , 239–260, doi:10.1017/S1355770X20000364.

Lachapelle, E. and M. Paterson, 2013: Drivers of national climate policy. Clim. Policy, 13(5) , 547–571, doi:10.1080/14693062.2013.811333.

Lachapelle, E., C.P. Borick, and B. Rabe, 2012: Public Attitudes toward Climate Science and Climate Policy in Federal Systems: Canada and the United States Compared. Rev. Policy Res. , 29(3) , 334–357, doi:10.1111/j.1541-1338.2012.00563.x.

Ladrech, R. and C. Little, 2019: Drivers of political parties’ climate policy preferences: lessons from Denmark and Ireland. Env. Polit. , 28(6) , 1017–1038, doi:10.1080/09644016.2019.1625157.

Lægreid, O.M. and M. Povitkina, 2018: Do Political Institutions Moderate the GDP-CO2Relationship?Ecol. Econ. , 145, 441–450, doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.014.

Lam, S.-P., 2015: Predicting support of climate policies by using a protection motivation model. Clim. Policy, 15(3) , 321–338, doi:10.1080/14693062.2014.916599.

Lamb, W.F. and J.C. Minx, 2020: The political economy of national climate policy: Architectures of constraint and a typology of countries. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 64, 101429, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2020.101429.

Landauer, M., S. Juhola, and M. Söderholm, 2015: Inter-relationships between adaptation and mitigation: a systematic literature review. Clim. Change, 131, 505–517, doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1395-1.

Landauer, M., S. Juhola, and J. Klein, 2019: The role of scale in integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation in cities. J. Environ. Plan. Manag. , 62(5) , 741–765, doi:10.1080/09640568.2018.1430022.

Langpap, C., 2015: Voluntary agreements and private enforcement of environmental regulation. J. Regul. Econ. , 47(1) , 99–116, doi:10.1007/s11149-014-9265-8.

Laurent, B. and D. Pontille, 2018: Towards a study of city experiments. In: Creating Smart Cities[Coletta, C., L. Evans, L. Heaphy, and R. Kitchin, (eds.)]. Routledge, Oxfordshire, UK, pp. 90–103.

Le Treut, G., J. Lefèvre, F. Lallana, and G. Bravo, 2021: The multi-level economic impacts of deep decarbonization strategies for the energy system. Energy Policy, 156, 1–16, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112423.

Leck, H. and D. Roberts, 2015: What lies beneath: Understanding the invisible aspects of municipal climate change governance. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. , 13, 61–67, doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2015.02.004.

Lecuyer, O. and P. Quirion, 2019: Interaction between CO2 emissions trading and renewable energy subsidies under uncertainty: feed-in tariffs as a safety net against over-allocation. Clim. Policy, 19(8) , doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1625743.

Lee, T., 2013: Global Cities and Transnational Climate Change Networks. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 13(1) , 108–127, doi:10.1162/GLEP_a_00156.

Lee, T., 2017: The effect of clean energy regulations and incentives on green jobs: panel analysis of the United States, 1998-2007. Nat. Resour. Forum, 41(3) , 145–155, doi:10.1111/1477-8947.12125.

Lee, T., 2019: Network comparison of socialization, learning and collaboration in the C40 cities climate group. J. Environ. Policy Plan. , 21(1) , 104–115, doi:10.1080/1523908X.2018.1433998.

Lee, T. and C. Koski, 2012: Building Green: Local Political Leadership Addressing Climate Change. Rev. Policy Res. , 29(5) , 605–624, doi:10.1111/j.1541-1338.2012.00579.x.

Lee, T. and H.Y. Jung, 2018: Mapping city-to-city networks for climate change action: Geographic bases, link modalities, functions, and activity. J. Clean. Prod. , 182, 96–104, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.034.

Lee, T.M., E.M. Markowitz, P.D. Howe, C.-Y. Ko, and A.A. Leiserowitz, 2015: Predictors of public climate change awareness and risk perception around the world. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(11) , 1014–1020, doi:10.1038/nclimate2728.

Leipold, S., P.H. Feindt, G. Winkel, and R. Keller, 2019: Discourse analysis of environmental policy revisited: traditions, trends, perspectives. J. Environ. Policy Plan. , 21(5) , 445–463, doi:10.1080/1523908X.2019.1660462.

Leiren, M.D. and I. Reimer, 2018: Historical institutionalist perspective on the shift from feed-in tariffs towards auctioning in German renewable energy policy. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 43, 33–40, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2018.05.022.

Leiserowitz, A., 2006: Climate Change Risk Perception and Policy Preferences: The Role of Affect, Imagery, and Values. Clim. Change, 77(1–2) , 45–72, doi:10.1007/s10584-006-9059-9.

Leiter, T. and P. Pringle, 2018: Pitfalls and Potential of Measuring Climate Change Adaptation through Adaptation Metrics. UNEP DTU Partnership, Copenhagen, Denmark, Denmark, 166 pp. https://resilientcities2018.iclei.org/wp-content/uploads/UDP_Perspectives-Adaptation-Metrics-WEB.pdf .(Accessed September 24, 2021).

Leiter, T. et al., 2019: Adaptation metrics: current landscape and evolving practices. UNEP DTU Partnership Global Commission on Adaptation, Rotterdam and Washington, DC, USA, 51 pp.

Lennon, M., 2020: Postcarbon Amnesia: Toward a Recognition of Racial Grief in Renewable Energy Futures. Sci. Technol. Hum. Values, 45(5) , 934–962, doi:10.1177/0162243919900556.

Letnik, T., M. Marksel, G. Luppino, A. Bardi, and S. Božičnik, 2018: Review of policies and measures for sustainable and energy efficient urban transport. Energy, 163, 245–257, doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.096.

Levenda, A.M., J. Richter, T. Miller, and E. Fisher, 2019 : Regional sociotechnical imaginaries and the governance of energy innovations. Futures, 109, 181–191, doi:10.1016/j.futures.2018.03.001.

Levi, S., C. Flachsland, and M. Jakob, 2020: Political Economy Determinants of Carbon Pricing. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 20(2) , 128–156, doi:10.1162/glep_a_00549.

Levin, K. et al., 2018: Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategies: Approaches and Methodologies for Their Design. World Resources Institute (WRI), Washington DC and UNDP, New York, USA, 52 pp. https://files.wri.org/s3fs-public/long-term-low-greenhouse-gas-emission- development-strategies.pdf .

Levin, K., D. Rich, K. Ross, T. Fransen, and C. Elliott, 2020: Designing and Communicating Net-Zero Targets. World Resources Institute (WRI), Washington, DC, USA, 30 pp. https://www.wri.org/research/designing-and-communicating-net-zero-targets (Accessed October 20, 2021).

Levinson, A., 2019: Energy Efficiency Standards Are More Regressive Than Energy Taxes: Theory and Evidence. J. Assoc. Environ. Resour. Econ. , 6(S1) , doi:10.1086/701186.

Lewis, J., D. Hernández, and A.T. Geronimus, 2020: Energy efficiency as energy justice: addressing racial inequities through investments in people and places. Energy Effic. , 13(3) , 419–432, doi:10.1007/s12053-019-09820-z.

Lewison, R. et al., 2015: Dynamic Ocean Management: Identifying the Critical Ingredients of Dynamic Approaches to Ocean Resource Management. Bioscience, 65(5) , 486–498, doi:10.1093/biosci/biv018.

Li, A., Y. Xu, and H. Shiroyama, 2019: Solar lobby and energy transition in Japan. Energy Policy, 134, 110950, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110950.

Li, H., X. Zhao, Y. Yu, T. Wu, and Y. Qi, 2016: China’s numerical management system for reducing national energy intensity. Energy Policy, 94, 64–76, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.03.037.

Li, H. et al., 2017: Reducing rebound effect through fossil subsidies reform: a comprehensive evaluation in China. J. Clean. Prod. , 141, 305–314, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.108.

Li, M. et al., 2018: Air quality co-benefits of carbon pricing in China. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(5) , 398, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0139-4.

Liang Wong, I. and E. Krüger, 2017: Comparing energy efficiency labelling systems in the EU and Brazil: Implications, challenges, barriers and opportunities. Energy Policy, 109, 310–323, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.07.005.

Liefferink, D., B. Arts, J. Kamstra, and J. Ooijevaar, 2009: Leaders and laggards in environmental policy: a quantitative analysis of domestic policy outputs. J. Eur. Public Policy, 16(5) , 677–700, doi:10.1080/13501760902983283.

Lieu, J. et al., 2018: Evaluating Consistency in Environmental Policy Mixes through Policy, Stakeholder, and Contextual Interactions. Sustainability, 10(6) , 1896, doi:10.3390/su10061896.

Lilliestam, J., A. Patt, and G. Bersalli, 2021: The effect of carbon pricing on technological change for full energy decarbonization: a review of empirical ex‐post evidence. WIREs Clim. Change, 12(1) , e681, doi:10.1002/wcc.681.

Lin, J., 2012a: Climate Governance in China: Using the ‘Iron Hand’. In: Local Climate Change Law: Environmental Regulation in Cities and Other Localities[Richardson, B.J., (ed.)]. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA, pp. 424.

Lin, J., 2012b: Climate change and the courts. Leg. Stud. , 32(1) , 35–57, doi:10.1111/j.1748-121X.2011.00206.x.

Lin, J. and D.A. Kysar, eds., 2020: Climate Change Litigation in the Asia Pacific. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 428 pp.

Liu, J.-Y. et al., 2019: Identifying trade-offs and co-benefits of climate policies in China to align policies with SDGs and achieve the 2°C goal. Environ. Res. Lett. , 14(12) , 1–11, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab59c4.

Liu, T., Q. Wang, and B. Su, 2016: a review of carbon labeling: Standards, implementation, and impact. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 53, 68–79, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.050.

Liu, W., W.J. McKibbin, A.C. Morris, and P.J. Wilcoxen, 2020: Global economic and environmental outcomes of the Paris Agreement. Energy Econ. , 90, 104838, doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104838.

Liu, X., E. Lindquist, and A. Vedlitz, 2011: Explaining Media and Congressional Attention to Global Climate Change, 1969-2005: An Empirical Test of Agenda-Setting Theory. Polit. Res. Q. , 64(2) , 405–419, doi:10.1177/1065912909346744.

Lo, A.Y., 2013: Carbon trading in a socialist market economy: Can China make a difference?Ecol. Econ. , 87, 72–74, doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.12.023.

Lo, A.Y. and R. Cong, 2017: After CDM: Domestic carbon offsetting in China. J. Clean. Prod. , 141, 1391–1399, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.220.

Loaiza, T., M.O. Borja, U. Nehren, and G. Gerold, 2017: Analysis of land management and legal arrangements in the Ecuadorian Northeastern Amazon as preconditions for REDD+ implementation. For. Policy Econ. , 83 (June), 19–28, doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2017.05.005.

Locatelli, B., V. Evans, A. Wardell, A. Andrade, and R. Vignola, 2011: Forests and Climate Change in Latin America: Linking Adaptation and Mitigation. Forests, 2(1) , 431–450, doi:10.3390/f2010431.

Locatelli, B. et al., 2017: Research on climate change policies and rural development in Latin America: Scope and gaps. Sustain. , 9(10) , 1–17, doi:10.3390/su9101831.

Lockwood, M., 2013: The political sustainability of climate policy: The case of the UK Climate Change Act. Glob. Environ. Change, 23(5) , 1339–1348, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.07.001.

Lockwood, M., 2021a: a hard Act to follow? The evolution and performance of UK climate governance. Env. Polit. , 30(sup1) , 26–48, doi:10.1080/09644016.2021.1910434.

Lockwood, M., 2021b: Routes to credible climate commitment: the UK and Denmark compared. Clim. Policy, 21(9) , 1–14, doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1868391.

Lockwood, M., C. Kuzemko, C. Mitchell, and R. Hoggett, 2017: Historical institutionalism and the politics of sustainable energy transitions: a research agenda. Environ. Plan. C Polit. Sp. , 35(2) , 312–333, doi:10.1177/0263774X16660561.

Long, J. and J.L. Rice, 2019: From sustainable urbanism to climate urbanism. Urban Stud. , 56(5) , 992–1008, doi:10.1177/0042098018770846.

Longhofer, W. and A. Jorgenson, 2017: Decoupling reconsidered: Does world society integration influence the relationship between the environment and economic development?Soc. Sci. Res. , 65, 17–29, doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2017.02.002.

Longhofer, W., E. Schofer, N. Miric, and D.J. Frank, 2016: NGOs, INGOs, and Environmental Policy Reform, 1970–2010. Soc. Forces, 94(4) , 1743–1768, doi:10.1093/sf/sow031.

Lorenzoni, I. and D. Benson, 2014: Radical institutional change in environmental governance: Explaining the origins of the UK Climate Change Act 2008 through discursive and streams perspectives. Glob. Environ. Change, 29, 10–21, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.07.011.

Loth, M.A., 2016: Climate Change Liability After All: a Dutch Landmark Case. Tilbg. Law Rev. , 21(1) , doi:10.1163/22112596-02101001.

Lovelock, C.E. and R. Reef, 2020: Variable Impacts of Climate Change on Blue Carbon. One Earth, 3(2) , 195–211, doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.010.

LSE Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, 2021: Climate Change Laws of the World. https://climate-laws.org/ (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Lück, J., H. Wessler, A. Wozniak, and D. Lycarião, 2018: Counterbalancing global media frames with nationally colored narratives: a comparative study of news narratives and news framing in the climate change coverage of five countries. Journalism, 19(12) , 1635–1656, doi:10.1177/1464884916680372.

Lyon, T.P., 2016: Drivers and Impacts of Renewable Portfolio Standards. Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ. , 8(1) , 141–155, doi:10.1146/annurev-resource-100815-095432.

Lyytimäki, J., 2011: Mainstreaming climate policy: the role of media coverage in Finland. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change, 16(6) , 649–661, doi:10.1007/s11027-011-9286-x.

Ma, S.-C., Y. Fan, and L. Feng, 2017: An evaluation of government incentives for new energy vehicles in China focusing on vehicle purchasing restrictions. Energy Policy, 110 (October), 609–618, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.07.057.

MacArthur, J.L., C.E. Hoicka, H. Castleden, R. Das, and J. Lieu, 2020: Canada’s Green New Deal: Forging the socio-political foundations of climate resilient infrastructure?Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 65, 101442, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2020.101442.

Macchi, C. and J. Zeben, 2021: Business and human rights implications of climate change litigation: Milieudefensie et al. vs Royal Dutch Shell. Rev. Eur. Comp. Int. Environ. Law, 30(3) , 409–415, doi:10.1111/reel.12416.

MacNeil, R., 2021: Swimming against the current: Australian climate institutions and the politics of polarisation. Env. Polit. , 30(sup1) , 162–183, doi:10.1080/09644016.2021.1905394.

Madden, N.J., 2014: Green means stop: veto players and their impact on climate-change policy outputs. Env. Polit. , 23(4) , 570–589, doi:10.1080/09644016.2014.884301.

Maestre-Andrés, S., S. Drews, and J. van den Bergh, 2019: Perceived fairness and public acceptability of carbon pricing: a review of the literature. Clim. policy, 19(9) , 1186–1204, doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1639490.

Magro, E., M. Navarro, and J.M. Zabala-Iturriagagoitia, 2014: Coordination-Mix: The Hidden Face of STI Policy. Rev. Policy Res. , 31(5) , 367–389, doi:10.1111/ropr.12090.

Mahdavi, P., C.B. Martinez-Alvarez, and M. Ross, 2020: Why Do Governments Tax or Subsidize Fossil Fuels?Center for Global Development, Washington, DC, USA, 72 pp. https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/why-do-governments-tax-or-subsidize-fossil-fuels.pdf (Accessed October 19, 2021).

Maier, H.R. et al., 2016: An uncertain future, deep uncertainty, scenarios, robustness and adaptation: How do they fit together?Environ. Model. Softw. , 81, 154–164, doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.03.014.

Marjanac, S. and L. Patton, 2018: Extreme weather event attribution science and climate change litigation: an essential step in the causal chain?J. Energy Nat. Resour. Law, 36(3) , 265–298, doi:10.1080/02646811.2018.1451020.

Marjanac, S., L. Patton, and J. Thornton, 2017: Acts of God, human influence and litigation. Nat. Geosci. , 10(9) , 616–619, doi:10.1038/ngeo3019.

Markard, J., 2018: The next phase of the energy transition and its implications for research and policy. Nat. Energy, 3(8) , 628–633, doi:10.1038/s41560-018-0171-7.

Markard, J., F.W. Geels, and R. Raven, 2020: Challenges in the acceleration of sustainability transitions. Environ. Res. Lett. , 15(8) , 081001, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab9468.

Markell, D. and J.B. Ruhl, 2012: An Empirical Assessment of Climate Change in the Courts: a New Jurisprudence or Business as Usual. Fla. Law Rev. , 64(1) , 15–86.

Markkanen, S. and A. Anger-Kraavi, 2019: Social impacts of climate change mitigation policies and their implications for inequality. Clim. Policy, 19(7) , 827–844, doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1596873.

Markowitz, E.M. and M.L. Guckian, 2018: Climate change communication: Challenges, insights, and opportunities. In: Psychology and Climate Change: Human Perceptions, Impacts, and Responses[Clayton S. and C. Manning (eds.)]. Academic Press, Elsevier, London, UK, pp. 35–63.

Marlon, J.R. et al., 2019: How Hope and Doubt Affect Climate Change Mobilization. Front. Commun. , 4, 20 pp., doi:10.3389/fcomm.2019.00020.

Marlow, T., S. Miller, and J.T. Roberts, 2021: Bots and online climate discourses: Twitter discourse on President Trump’s announcement of U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement. Clim. Policy, 21(6) , 765–777, doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1870098.

Marquardt, J., 2014: a Struggle of Multi-level Governance: Promoting Renewable Energy in Indonesia. Energy Procedia, 58, 87–94, doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.10.413.

Marris, E., 2019: Why young climate activists have captured the world’s attention. Nature, 573(7775) , 471–472, doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02696-0.

Martin, M. and M. Islar, 2021: The ‘end of the world’ vs. the ‘end of the month’: understanding social resistance to sustainability transition agendas, a lesson from the Yellow Vests in France. Sustain. Sci. , 16(2) , 601–614, doi:10.1007/s11625-020-00877-9.

Martinez Romera, B. and R. Caranta, 2017: EU Public Procurement Law: Purchasing beyond Price in the Age of Climate Change. Eur. Procure. Pub. Priv. Partnersh. L. Rev. , 12, 281, doi:10.21552/epppl/2017/3/10.

Martinez, S., S. Kralisch, O. Escolero, and M. Perevochtchikova, 2015: Vulnerability of Mexico City’s water supply sources in the context of climate change. J. Water Clim. Change, 6(3) , 518–533, doi:10.2166/wcc.2015.083.

Martiskainen, M., 2017: The role of community leadership in the development of grassroots innovations. Environ. Innov. Soc. Transitions, 22, 78–89, doi:10.1016/j.eist.2016.05.002.

Martiskainen, M. et al., 2020: Contextualizing climate justice activism: Knowledge, emotions, motivations, and actions among climate strikers in six cities. Glob. Environ. Change, 65, 102180, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102180.

Marvin, S., H. Bulkeley, L. Mai, K. McCormick, and Y. Voytenko Palgan, eds., 2018: Urban Living Labs: Experimenting with City Futures. 1st ed. Routledge, Oxfordshire, England, UK, 279 pp.

Mason, C.F. and A.J. Plantinga, 2013: The additionality problem with offsets: Optimal contracts for carbon sequestration in forests. J. Environ. Econ. Manage. , 66(1) , 1–14, doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2013.02.003.

Matsumoto, K., K. Morita, D. Mavrakis, and P. Konidari, 2017: Evaluating Japanese policy instruments for the promotion of renewable energy sources. Int. J. Green Energy, 14(8) , 724–736, doi:10.1080/15435075.2017.1326050.

Matthes, F.C., 2017: Energy transition in Germany: a case study on a policy-driven structural change of the energy system. Evol. Institutional Econ. Rev. , 14(1) , 141–169, doi:10.1007/s40844-016-0066-x.

Mauritsen, T. and R. Pincus, 2017: Committed warming inferred from observations. Nat. Clim. Change, 7(9) , 652–655, doi:10.1038/nclimate3357.

Mayer, A., T.O. Shelley, T. Chiricos, and M. Gertz, 2017: Environmental Risk Exposure, Risk Perception, Political Ideology and Support for Climate Policy. Sociol. Focus, 50(4) , 309–328, doi:10.1080/00380237.2017.1312855.

Mayer, B., 2019: The State of the Netherlands v. Urgenda Foundation: Ruling of the Court of Appeal of The Hague (9 October 2018). Transnatl. Environ. Law, 8(1) , 167–192, doi:10.1017/S2047102519000049.

Mayer, J., 2016: Dark Money: the Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right . Doubleday, New York, USA, 576 pp.

Mayrhofer, J.P. and J. Gupta, 2016: The science and politics of co-benefits in climate policy. Environ. Sci. Policy, 57, 22–30, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2015.11.005.

Mazmanian, D.A., J.L. Jurewitz, and H.T. Nelson, 2020: State Leadership in U.S. Climate Change and Energy Policy: The California Experience. J. Environ. Dev. , 29(1) , 51–74, doi:10.1177/1070496519887484.

Mbeva, K., C. Ochieng, J. Atela, W. Khaemba, and C. Tonui, 2015: Intended Nationally Determined Contributions as a Means to Strengthening Africa’s Engagement in International Climate Negotiations. African Centre for Technology Studies, Nairobi, Kenya 1–28 pp. https://media.africaportal.org/documents/INDC_PaperFin.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

McAdam, D., 2017: Social Movement Theory and the Prospects for Climate Change Activism in the United States. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. , 20(1) , 189–208, doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-052615-025801.

McAdam, D. and H.S. Boudet, 2012: Putting social movements in their place: Explaining opposition to energy projects in the United States, 2000–2005. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1–266 pp.

McAllister, L. et al., 2021: Balance as bias, resolute on the retreat? Updates & analyses of newspaper coverage in the United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia and Canada over the past 15 years. Environ. Res. Lett. , 16(9) , 094008, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac14eb.

McAllister, L.K., 2007: Revisiting a Promising Institution: Public Law Litigation in the Civil Law World. Ga. State Univ. Law Rev. , 24(3) , 693–734.

McAllister, R.R.J., R. McCrea, and M.N. Lubell, 2014: Policy networks, stakeholder interactions and climate adaptation in the region of South East Queensland, Australia. Reg. Environ. Change, 14(2) , 527–539, doi:10.1007/s10113-013-0489-4.

McBurney, M., 2021: Paying for Ecological Services in Ecuador: The Socio Bosque Program in Kichwa Communities of Chimborazo, Ecuador. The University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 280 pp. https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/59975/IDL – 59975.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y.

McCauley, D. and R. Heffron, 2018: Just Transition: Integrating climate, energy and environmental justice. Energy Policy, 119, 1–7, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.014.

McCloskey, M., 1991: Twenty years of change in the environmental movement: An insider’s view. Soc. Nat. Resour. , 4(3) , 273–284, doi:10.1080/08941929109380760.

McCollum, D.L. et al., 2018: Connecting the sustainable development goals by their energy inter-linkages. Environ. Res. Lett. , 13(3) , 033006, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aaafe3.

McCord, G.C., D.R. Kanter, J. Sklarew, G. Wu, and M. Jacobson, 2020: Chapter 5.5: Accelerating Sustainable Land Use Practices in the U.S. Sustainable Development Solutions Network, New York, USA, 262–281 pp. https://www.unsdsn.org/Zero-Carbon-Action-Plan (Accessed October 20, 2021).

McCormick, S. et al., 2018: Strategies in and outcomes of climate change litigation in the United States. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(9) , 829–833, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0240-8.

McCright, A.M. and R.E. Dunlap, 2000: Challenging Global Warming as a Social Problem: An Analysis of the Conservative Movement’s Counter-Claims. Soc. Probl. , 47(4) , 499–522, doi:10.2307/3097132.

McCright, A.M. and R.E. Dunlap, 2003: Defeating Kyoto: The Conservative Movement’s Impact on U.S. Climate Change Policy. Soc. Probl. , 50(3) , 348–373, doi:10.1525/sp.2003.50.3.348.

McCright, A.M., R.E. Dunlap, and S.T. Marquart-Pyatt, 2016a: Political ideology and views about climate change in the European Union. Env. Polit. , 25(2) , 338–358, doi:10.1080/09644016.2015.1090371.

McCright, A.M., S.T. Marquart-Pyatt, R.L. Shwom, S.R. Brechin, and S. Allen, 2016b: Ideology, capitalism, and climate: Explaining public views about climate change in the United States. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 21, 180–189, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2016.08.003.

McGlade, C. and P. Ekins, 2015: The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2°C. Nature, 517(7533) , 187–190, doi:10.1038/nature14016.

McGregor, P.G., J. Kim Swales, and M.A. Winning, 2012: a review of the role and remit of the committee on climate change. Energy Policy, 41, 466–473, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.007.

Mcguirk, P., R. Dowling, C. Brennan, and H. Bulkeley, 2015: Urban Carbon Governance Experiments: The Role of Australian Local Governments. Geogr. Res. , 53(1) , 39–52, doi:10.1111/1745-5871.12098.

McMeekin, A., F.W. Geels, and M. Hodson, 2019: Mapping the winds of whole system reconfiguration: Analysing low-carbon transformations across production, distribution and consumption in the UK electricity system (1990–2016). Res. Policy, 48(5) , 1216–1231, doi:10.1016/j.respol.2018.12.007.

Meadowcroft, J., 2009: What about the politics? Sustainable development, transition management, and long term energy transitions. Policy Sci. , 42(4) , 323–340, doi:10.1007/s11077-009-9097-z.

Meckling, J., 2011: Carbon Coalitions: Business, Climate Politics, and the Rise of Emissions Trading. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 264 pp.

Meckling, J. and J. Nahm, 2018: The power of process: state capacity and climate policy. Governance, 31(4) , 741–757, doi:10.1111/gove.12338.

Meckling, J., N. Kelsey, E. Biber, and J. Zysman, 2015: Winning coalitions for climate policy: Green industrial policy builds support for carbon regulations. Science, 349(6253) , 1170–1171, doi:10.1126/science.aab1336.

Mehling, M.A., H. Van Asselt, K. Das, S. Droege, and C. Verkuijl, 2019: Designing Border Carbon Adjustments for Enhanced Climate Action. Am. J. Int. Law, 113(3) , 433–481, doi:10.1017/ajil.2019.22.

Melamed, M.L., J. Schmale, and E. von Schneidemesser, 2016: Sustainable policy—key considerations for air quality and climate change. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. , 23, 85–91, doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2016.12.003.

Mercure, J.F. et al., 2019: System complexity and policy integration challenges: The Brazilian Energy- Water-Food Nexus. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 105 (February), 230–243, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.045.

Messori, G., F. Brocchieri, E. Morello, S. Ozgen, and S. Caserini, 2020: a climate mitigation action index at the local scale: Methodology and case study. J. Environ. Manage. , 260, 110024, doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110024.

Metcalf, G.E. and J.H. Stock, 2017: Integrated Assessment Models and the Social Cost of Carbon: a Review and Assessment of U.S. Experience. Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy, 11(1) , 80–99, doi:10.1093/reep/rew014.

Metcalf, G.E. and J.H. Stock, 2020: The Macroeconomic Impact of Europe’s Carbon Taxes. 53 pp. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w27488/w27488.pdf .

Michaelowa, A., M. Allen, and F. Sha, 2018: Policy instruments for limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C – can humanity rise to the challenge?Clim. Policy, 18(3) , 275–286, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1426977.

Michaelowa, A., L. Hermwille, W. Obergassel, and S. Butzengeiger, 2019a: Additionality revisited: guarding the integrity of market mechanisms under the Paris Agreement. Clim. Policy, 19(10) , 1211–1224, doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1628695.

Michaelowa, A., I. Shishlov, S. Hoch, P. Bofil, and A. Espelage, 2019b: Overview and comparison of existing carbon crediting schemes. Nordic Environment Finance Corporation (NEFCO), Helsinki, Finland, 54 pp. https://www.nefco.int/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NICA-Crediting-Mechanisms-Final-February-2019.pdf (Accessed October 18, 2021).

Michaelowa, K. and A. Michaelowa, 2017: Transnational Climate Governance Initiatives: Designed for Effective Climate Change Mitigation?Int. Interact. , 43(1) , 129–155, doi:10.1080/03050629.2017.1256110.

Middlemiss, L., 2011: The effects of community-based action for sustainability on participants’ lifestyles. Local Environ. , 16(3) , 265–280, doi:10.1080/13549839.2011.566850.

Mildenberger, M., 2020: Carbon Captured: How Business and Labor Control Climate Politics. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 368 pp.

Mildenberger, M., 2021: The development of climate institutions in the United States. Env. Polit. , 30(sup1) , 71–92, doi:10.1080/09644016.2021.1947445.

Mildenberger, M. and D. Tingley, 2019: Beliefs about Climate Beliefs: The Importance of Second-Order Opinions for Climate Politics. Br. J. Polit. Sci. , 49(4) , 1279–1307, doi:10.1017/S0007123417000321.

Millard-Ball, A. and L. Ortolano, 2010: Constructing carbon offsets: The obstacles to quantifying emission reductions. Energy Policy, 38(1) , 533–546, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.10.005.

Miller, S.M. et al., 2019: China’s coal mine methane regulations have not curbed growing emissions. Nat. Commun. , 10(1) , 303, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07891-7.

Mills‐Novoa, M. and D.M. Liverman, 2019: Nationally Determined Contributions: Material climate commitments and discursive positioning in the NDCs. WIREs Clim. Change, 10(5) , e589, doi:10.1002/wcc.589.

Minnerop, P. and F.E.L. Otto, 2020: Climate change and causation: joining law and climate science on the basis of formal logic. Buffalo Environ. LawJ. , 27, 49–86.

Minx et al., 2021: A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5213–5252, doi:10.5194/essd-13-5213-2021.

Mistry, R., 2014: MAPS Provocateur Briefing Report Forum on Development and Mitigation-Hunger, Poverty, Inequality and Climate Change Mitigation. Oxfam, South Africa, Johannesburg, 7 pp. https://www.africaportal.org/publications/maps-provocateur-briefing-report-forum-on-development-and-mitigation-hunger-poverty-inequality-and-climate-change-mitigation/.

Moallemi, E.A. and S. Malekpour, 2018: A participatory exploratory modelling approach for long-term planning in energy transitions. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 35, 205–216, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.10.022.

Moe Singh, E., 2012: Structural Change, Vested Interests, and Scandinavian Energy Policy-Making: Why Wind Power Struggles in Norway and not in Denmark. Open Renew. Energy J. , 5(1) , 19–31, doi:10.2174/1876387101205010019.

Mohtar, R.H. and B. Daher, 2014: A Platform for Trade-off Analysis and Resource Allocation: The Water-Energy-Food Nexus Tool and its Application to Qatar’s Food Security. The Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, London, UK, 10 pp. https://agrilife.org/wefnexus/files/2015/01/20141216WaterEnergyFoodNexusQatarMohtarDaher.pdf .

Mol, A.P.J., D.A. Sonnenfeld, and G. Spaargaren, eds., 2009: The Ecological Modernisation Reader: Environmental reform in theory and practice. 1st ed. Routledge, Oxfordshire, England, UK, 560 pp.

Monasterolo, I. and M. Raberto, 2019: The impact of phasing out fossil fuel subsidies on the low-carbon transition. Energy Policy, 124, 355–370, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.08.051.

Montgomery, L., P.A. McLaughlin, T. Richards, and M. Febrizio, 2019: Performance Standards vs. Design Standards: Facilitating a Shift toward Best Practices. Mercatus Center, George Mason University Arlington, VA, USA, 37 pp.

Moreira, P.F. et al., 2019: South–south transnational advocacy: Mobilizing against Brazilian dams in the Peruvian amazon. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 19(1) , 77–98, doi:10.1162/glep_a_00495.

Morris, C. and A. Jungjohann, 2016: Energy Democracy: Germany’s Energiewende to Renewables. Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK, 437 pp.

Moss, T. and M. Bazilian, 2018: Signalling, governance, and goals: Reorienting the United States Power Africa initiative. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 39, 74–77, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.11.001.

Mourao, P.R., 2019: The effectiveness of Green voices in parliaments: Do Green Parties matter in the control of pollution?Environ. Dev. Sustain. , 21(2) , 985–1011, doi:10.1007/s10668-017-0070-2.

Mulugetta, Y. and V. Castán Broto, 2018: Harnessing deep mitigation opportunities of urbanisation patterns in LDCs. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. , 30, 82–88, doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2018.03.007.

Mundaca, L. and A. Markandya, 2016: Assessing regional progress towards a ‘Green Energy Economy’. Appl. Energy, 179, 1372–1394, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.098.

Muradian, R. and U. Pascual, 2020: Ecological economics in the age of fear. Ecol. Econ. , 169, doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106498.

Murray, B. and N. Rivers, 2015: British Columbia’s revenue-neutral carbon tax: A review of the latest ‘grand experiment’ in environmental policy. Energy Policy, 86, 674–683, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2015.08.011.

Nachmany, M. and J. Setzer, 2018: Global trends in climate change legislation and litigation: 2018 snapshot . Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change, London, UK, 8 pp. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Global-trends-in-climate-change-legislation-and-litigation-2018-snapshot-3.pdf .

Nachmany, M. et al., 2015: The 2015 Global Climate Legislation Study: a review of climate change legislation in 99 countries: summary for policy-makers. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, GLOBE and Inter-Parliamentary Union, London, UK, 45 pp.

Nago, M. and M. Krott, 2020: Systemic failures in north–south climate change knowledge transfer: a case study of the Congo Basin. Clim. Policy, 22 (5) 1–14, doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1820850.

Nagorny-Koring, N.C., 2019: Leading the way with examples and ideas? Governing climate change in German municipalities through best practices. J. Environ. Policy Plan. , 21(1) , 46–60, doi:10.1080/1523908X.2018.1461083.

Nagorny-Koring, N.C. and T. Nochta, 2018: Managing urban transitions in theory and practice – The case of the Pioneer Cities and Transition Cities projects. J. Clean. Prod. , 175, 60–69, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.072.

Nakano, R. et al., 2017: Low Carbon Governance in Indonesia and India: A Comparative Analysis with Recommendations. Procedia Eng. , 198, 570–588, doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.112.

Nalau, J. and J. Handmer, 2015: When is transformation a viable policy alternative?Environ. Sci. Policy, 54, 349–356, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2015.07.022.

Narassimhan, E., K.S. Gallagher, S. Koester, and J.R. Alejo, 2018: Carbon pricing in practice: a review of existing emissions trading systems. Clim. Policy, 18(8) , 967–991, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1467827.

Nascimento, L. et al., 2021: Twenty years of climate policy: G20 coverage increased, but important gaps remain (accepted for publication). Clim. Policy, 22(2) , 158–174, doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2021.1993776.

Nash, S.L. and R. Steurer, 2019: Taking stock of Climate Change Acts in Europe: living policy processes or symbolic gestures?Clim. Policy, 19(8) , 1–14, doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1623164.

Nasiritousi, N., 2017: Fossil fuel emitters and climate change: unpacking the governance activities of large oil and gas companies. Env. Polit. , 26(4) , 621–647, doi:10.1080/09644016.2017.1320832.

Nemet, G.F., T. Holloway, and P. Meier, 2010: Implications of incorporating air-quality co-benefits into climate change policymaking. Environ. Res. Lett. , 5(1) , 014007, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014007.

Nemet, G.F., M. Jakob, J.C. Steckel, and O. Edenhofer, 2017: Addressing policy credibility problems for low-carbon investment. Glob. Environ. Change, 42, 47–57, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.12.004.

Neuhoff, K. and R.A. Ritz, 2019: Carbon cost pass-through in industrial sectors. 25 pp. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep30282 (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Neumayer, E., 2003: Are left-wing party strength and corporatism good for the environment? Evidence from panel analysis of air pollution in OECD countries. Ecol. Econ. , 45(2) , 203–220, doi:10.1016/S0921-8009(03)00012-0.

Nevens, F., N. Frantzeskaki, L. Gorissen, and D. Loorbach, 2013: Urban Transition Labs: Co-creating transformative action for sustainable cities. J. Clean. Prod. , 50, 111–122, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.001.

Newbery, D., 2018: Evaluating the case for supporting renewable electricity. Energy Policy, 120, 684–696, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.05.029.

NewClimate Institute, Data-Driven Lab, PBL Netherlands, German Development Institute, and Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, 2019: Global Climate Action from Cities, Regions and Businesses – 2019. Impact of Individual Actors and Cooperative Initiatives on Global an National Emissions. 94 pp. https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Report-Global-Climate-Action-from-Cities-Regions-and-Businesses_2019.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

NewClimate Institute and Data Driven EnviroLab, 2020: Navigating the nuances of net-zero targets. [Day, S.M. et al. (eds.)].

Newell, P., 2021a: Power Shift: The Global Political Economy of Energy Transitions. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 284 pp.

Newell, P., 2021b: The Business of Climate Transformation. Curr. Hist. , 120(829) , 307–312, doi:10.1525/curh.2021.120.829.307.

Newell, P. and M. Paterson, 2010: Climate Capitalism: Global Warming and the Transformation of the Global Economy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 205 pp.

Newell, P. and A. Simms, 2020: How Did We Do That? Histories and Political Economies of Rapid and Just Transitions. New Polit. Econ. , 25, 1–16, doi:10.1080/13563467.2020.1810216.

Newell, R.G., W.A. Pizer, and D. Raimi, 2013: Carbon markets 15 years after Kyoto: Lessons learned, new challenges. J. Econ. Perspect. , 27(1) , 123–146, doi:10.1257/jep.27.1.123.

Ney, S. and M. Verweij, 2015: Messy institutions for wicked problems: How to generate clumsy solutions?Environ. Plan. C Gov. Policy, 33(6) , 1679–1696, doi:10.1177/0263774X15614450.

Nogueira, L.P., F.D. Longa, and B. van der Zwaan, 2020: A cross-sectoral integrated assessment of alternatives for climate mitigation in Madagascar. Clim. Policy, 20(10) , 1257–1273, doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1791030.

Nordbeck, R. and R. Steurer, 2016: Multi-sectoral strategies as dead ends of policy integration: Lessons to be learned from sustainable development. Environ. Plan. C Gov. Policy, 34(4) , 737–755, doi:10.1177/0263774X15614696.

Nordhaus, W., 2013: The climate casino: Risk, uncertainty, and economics for a warming world. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA, 392 pp.

Nordic Council of Ministers, 2017: Mitigation & Adaptation Synergies in the NDCs. 86 pp. http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1097909/FULLTEXT01.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Nosek, G., 2018: Climate change litigation and narrative: How to use litigation to tell compelling climate stories. William Mary Environ. Law Policy Rev. , 42(3) , 733–804.

Nunan, F., A. Campbell, and E. Foster, 2012: Environmental mainstreaming: The organisational challenges of policy integration. Public Adm. Dev. , 32(3) , 262–277, doi:10.1002/pad.1624.

Nyiwul, L.M., 2019: Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Africa: Strategies, Synergies, and Constraints. In: Climate Change and Global Development: Market, Global Players and Empirical Evidence[Sequeira, T. and L. Reis, (eds.)]. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 219–241.

O’Brien, K., 2018: Is the 1.5°C target possible? Exploring the three spheres of transformation. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. , 31, 153–160, doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2018.04.010.

O’Brien, K., E. Selboe, and B.M. Hayward, 2018: Exploring youth activism on climate change: dutiful, disruptive, and dangerous dissent. Ecol. Soc. , 23(3) , 42, doi:10.5751/ES-10287-230342.

O’Callaghan, B. and E. Murdock, 2021: Are we building back better? Evidence from 2020 and Pathways to Inclusive Green Recovery Spending. UNEP Nairobi, Kenya, 60 pp (Accessed October 27, 2021). https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/are-we-building-back-better-evidence-2020-and-pathways-inclusive-green.

O’Donnell, T., 2019: Contrasting land-use policies for climate change adaptation: A case study of political and geo-legal realities for Australian coastal locations. Land use policy, 88 (September), 104145, doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104145.

O’Dwyer, B. and J. Unerman, 2020: Shifting the focus of sustainability accounting from impacts to risks and dependencies: researching the transformative potential of TCFD reporting. Accounting, Audit. Account. J. , 33(5) , 1113–1141, doi:10.1108/AAAJ-02-2020-4445.

O’Neill, S. et al., 2015: Dominant frames in legacy and social media coverage of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(4) , 380–385, doi:10.1038/nclimate2535.

Obersteiner, M. et al., 2016: Assessing the land resource–food price nexus of the Sustainable Development Goals. Sci. Adv. , 2(9) , e1501499, doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501499.

Oberthür, S., 2019: Hard or Soft Governance? The EU’s Climate and Energy Policy Framework for 2030. Polit. Gov. , 7(1) , 17–27, doi:10.17645/pag.v7i1.1796.

OECD, 2017: Insights from national adaptation monitoring and evaluation systems. 3, OECD Publishing, Paris, France, doi:10.1787/da48ce17-en (Accessed March 30, 2021).

OECD, 2018: Effective Carbon Rates 2018: Pricing Carbon Emissions Through Taxes and Emissions Trading. OECD Publishing, Paris, France, 92 pp.

OECD, 2020: OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels.https://www.oecd.org/fossil-fuels/ (Accessed December 21, 2020).

OECD, 2021a: Effective Carbon Rates 2021: Pricing Carbon Emissions through Taxes and Emissions Trading. OECD Publishing, Paris, France, 40 pp.

OECD, 2021b: Scaling up Nature-based Solutions to Tackle Water-related Climate Risks: Insights from Mexico and the United Kingdom. OECD Publishing, Paris, France, 84 pp.

OECD, 2021c: Key findings from the update of the OECD Green Recovery Database. OECD Publishing, Paris, France, 21 pp. https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/key-findings-from-the-update-of-the-oecd-green-recovery-database-55b8abba/.

Oei, P.Y. et al., 2020: Coal phase-out in Germany – Implications and policies for affected regions. Energy, 196, 117004, doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.117004.

Oels, A., 2012: From ‘Securitization’ of Climate Change to ‘Climatization’ of the Security Field: Comparing Three Theoretical Perspectives. In: Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict. Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, volume 8[Scheffran, J., M. Brzoska, H.G. Brauch, P.M. Link, and J. Schilling, (eds.)]. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 185–205.

Ohlendorf, N., M. Jakob, J.C. Minx, C. Schröder, and J.C. Steckel, 2021: Distributional Impacts of Carbon Pricing: A Meta-Analysis. Environ. Resour. Econ. , 78(1) , 1–42, doi:10.1007/s10640-020-00521-1.

Okereke, C. et al., 2019: Governing green industrialisation in Africa: Assessing key parameters for a sustainable socio-technical transition in the context of Ethiopia. World Dev. , 115, 279–290, doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.019.

Olsen, K.H., 2007: The clean development mechanism’s contribution to sustainable development: A review of the literature. Clim. Change, 84(1) , 59–73, doi:10.1007/s10584-007-9267-y.

Olzak, S., S.A. Soule, M. Coddou, and J. Muñoz, 2016: Friends or Foes? How Social Movement Allies Affect the Passage of Legislation in the U.S. Congress. Mobilization An Int. Q. , 21(2) , 213–230, doi:10.17813/1086-671X-21-2-213.

Oreskes, N. and E.M. Conway, 2012: Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming. 1st ed. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, UK, 368 pp.

Ortega Díaz, A. and E.C. Gutiérrez, 2018: Competing actors in the climate change arena in Mexico: A network analysis. J. Environ. Manage. , 215, 239–247, doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.056.

Osofsky, H.M., 2007: The Intersection of Scale, Science, and Law in Massachusetts v. Epa. Proc. ASIL Annu. Meet. , 101, 61–65, doi:10.1017/S0272503700025180.

Otto, I.M. et al., 2020: Social tipping dynamics for stabilizing Earth’s climate by 2050. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 117(5) , 2354–2365, doi:10.1073/pnas.1900577117.

Oulu, M., 2015: Climate Change Governance: Emerging Legal and Institutional Frameworks for Developing Countries. In: Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation[Leal Filho, W., (ed.)]. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 227–250.

Pahle, M., S. Pachauri, and K. Steinbacher, 2016: Can the Green Economy deliver it all? Experiences of renewable energy policies with socio-economic objectives. Appl. Energy, 179 (October 2016), 1331–1341, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.073.

Pahle, M. et al., 2018: Sequencing to ratchet up climate policy stringency. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(10) , 861–867, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0287-6.

Paiement, P., 2020: Urgent agenda: how climate litigation builds transnational narratives. Transnatl. Leg. Theory, 11(1–2) , 121–143, doi:10.1080/20414005.2020.1772617.

Painter, J., 2019: Climate Change Journalism: Time to Adapt. Environ. Commun. , 13(3) , 424–429, doi:10.1080/17524032.2019.1573561.

Painter, J. and N.T. Gavin, 2016: Climate Skepticism in British Newspapers, 2007–2011. Environ. Commun. , 10(4) , 432–452, doi:10.1080/17524032.2014.995193.

Palermo, V., P. Bertoldi, M. Apostolou, A. Kona, and S. Rivas, 2020a: Data on mitigation policies at local level within the Covenant of Mayors’ monitoring emission inventories. Data Br. , 32, 106217, doi:10.1016/j.dib.2020.106217.

Palermo, V., P. Bertoldi, M. Apostolou, A. Kona, and S. Rivas, 2020b: Assessment of climate change mitigation policies in 315 cities in the Covenant of Mayors initiative. Sustain. Cities Soc. , 60, 102258, doi:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102258.

Pals, B., 2021: Taxes v. Torts: Which Will Make Fossil Fuel Producers Share Climate Change Burdens?N.Y.U Environ. Law J. , 29, 235.

Pan, X., M. den Elzen, N. Höhne, F. Teng, and L. Wang, 2017: Exploring fair and ambitious mitigation contributions under the Paris Agreement goals. Environ. Sci. Policy, 74, 49–56, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2017.04.020.

Papadis, E. and G. Tsatsaronis, 2020: Challenges in the decarbonization of the energy sector. Energy, 205, 118025, doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.118025.

Papadopoulos, S., B. Bonczak, and C.E. Kontokosta, 2018: Pattern recognition in building energy performance over time using energy benchmarking data. Appl. Energy, 221, 576–586, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.079.

Parks, D., 2019: Energy efficiency left behind? Policy assemblages in Sweden’s most climate-smart city. Eur. Plan. Stud. , 27(2) , 318–335, doi:10.1080/09654313.2018.1455807.

Parry, I., S. Black, and N. Vernon, 2021: Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies. IMF, Washington, DC, USA, 40 pp. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/09/23/Still-Not-Getting-Energy-Prices-Right-A-Global-and-Country-Update-of-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidies-466004 (Accessed October 19, 2021).

Parry, I.A.N., C. Veung, and D. Heine, 2015: How Much Carbon Pricing is in the Countries’ Own Interests? The Critical Role of Co-Benefits. Clim. Change Econ. , 6(4) , 36 pp., doi:10.1142/S2010007815500190.

Pasimeni, M.R., D. Valente, G. Zurlini, and I. Petrosillo, 2019: The interplay between urban mitigation and adaptation strategies to face climate change in two European countries. Environ. Sci. Policy, 95, 20–27, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2019.02.002.

Patt, A., 2017: Beyond the tragedy of the commons: Reframing effective climate change governance. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 34, 1–3, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.05.023.

Patt, A. and J. Lilliestam, 2018: The Case against Carbon Prices. Joule, 2(12) , 2494–2498, doi:10.1016/j.joule.2018.11.018.

Pauw, P., K. Mbeva, and H. van Asselt, 2019: Subtle differentiation of countries’ responsibilities under the Paris Agreement. Palgrave Commun. , 5(1) , 1–7, doi:10.1057/s41599-019-0298-6.

Pauw, W.P. et al., 2018: Beyond headline mitigation numbers: we need more transparent and comparable NDCs to achieve the Paris Agreement on climate change. Clim. Change, 147(1–2) , 23–29, doi:10.1007/s10584-017-2122-x.

Pauw, W.P., P. Castro, J. Pickering, and S. Bhasin, 2020: Conditional Nationally Determined Contributions in the Paris Agreement: foothold for equity or Achilles heel?Clim. Policy, 20(4) , 468–484, doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1635874.

Peel, J. and H.M. Osofsky, 2015: Climate Change Litigation: Regulatory Pathways to Cleaner Energy. 1st edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 352 pp.

Peel, J. and H.M. Osofsky, 2018: A Rights Turn in Climate Change Litigation?Transnatl. Environ. Law, 7(1) , 37–67, doi:10.1017/S2047102517000292.

Peel, J. and J.L. Lin, 2019: Transnational Climate Litigation: The Contribution of the Global South. Am. J. Int. Law, 113(4) , 679–726, doi:10.1017/ajil.2019.48.

Peel, J. and H.M. Osofsky, 2020: Climate Change Litigation. Annu. Rev. Law Soc. Sci. , 16(1) , 21–38, doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-022420-122936.

Peel, J. and R. Markey-Towler, 2021: A Duty to Care: The Case of Sharma v Minister for the Environment [2021] FCA 560. J. Environ. Law, 33(3) , 727–736, doi:10.1093/jel/eqab022.

Peeters, M., 2016: Urgenda Foundation and 886 Individuals v. The State of the Netherlands: The Dilemma of More Ambitious Greenhouse Gas Reduction Action by EU Member States. Rev. Eur. Comp. Int. Environ. Law, 25(1) , 123–129, doi:10.1111/reel.12146.

Penasco, C., D. Romero-Jordan, and P. del Rio, 2019: The Impact of Policy on the Efficiency of Solar Energy Plants in Spain: A Production-Frontier Analysis. Econ. Energy Environ. Policy, 8(2) , pp. 99–116, -doi:10.5547/2160-5890.8.2.cpen.

Peñasco, C., L.D. Anadón, and E. Verdolini, 2021: Systematic review of the outcomes and trade-offs of ten types of decarbonization policy instruments. Nat. Clim. Change, 11(3) , 257–265, doi:10.1038/s41558-020-00971-x.

Peng, W. et al., 2021: The surprisingly inexpensive cost of state-driven emission control strategies. Nat. Clim. Change, 11(9) , 738–745, doi:10.1038/s41558-021-01128-0.

Peng, Y. and X. Bai, 2018: Experimenting towards a low-carbon city: Policy evolution and nested structure of innovation. J. Clean. Prod. , 174, 201–212, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.116.

Pereira, L. et al., 2019: Transformative spaces in the making: key lessons from nine cases in the Global South. Sustain. Sci. , 15, 161–178, doi:10.1007/s11625-019-00749-x.

Perino, G., 2018: New EU ETS Phase 4 rules temporarily puncture waterbed. Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 262–264, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0120-2.

Perrow, C. and S. Pulver, 2015: Organizations and Markets. In Climate Change and Society: Sociological Perspectives. 1st ed. [Dunlap, R.E. and R.J. Brulle, (eds.)]. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 61–92 pp.

Perry, K.K., 2020: For politics, people, or the planet? The political economy of fossil fuel reform, energy dependence and climate policy in Haiti. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 63, 101397, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2019.101397.

Petek, G., 2020: Assessing California’s Climate Policies—Electricity Generation. 32 pp. https://autl.assembly.ca.gov/sites/autl.assembly.ca.gov/files/CalifLAO-ElectricityEmissions.pdf (Accessed March 3, 2021).

Petersen, J.P., 2016: Energy concepts for self-supplying communities based on local and renewable energy sources: A case study from northern Germany. Sustain. Cities Soc. , 26, 1–8, doi:10.1016/j.scs.2016.04.014.

Pezzey, J.C.V., 2019: Why the social cost of carbon will always be disputed. WIREs Clim. Change, 10(1) , e558, doi:10.1002/wcc.558.

Pham, T.T., M. Di Gregorio, R. Carmenta, M. Brockhaus, and D.N. Le, 2014: The REDD+ policy arena in Vietnam: Participation of policy actors. Ecol. Soc. , 19(2) , pp. 22, doi:10.5751/ES-06389-190222.

Pierson, P., 2004: Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. 1st ed. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA, 208 pp.

Pillai, A.V. and N.K. Dubash, 2021: The limits of opportunism: the uneven emergence of climate institutions in India. Env. Polit. , 30(sup1) , 93–117, doi:10.1080/09644016.2021.1933800.

Pizer, W.A., 2002: Combining price and quantity controls to mitigate global climate change. J. Public Econ. , 85(3) , 409–434, doi:10.1016/S0047-2727(01)00118-9.

Poberezhskaya, M., 2015: Media coverage of climate change in Russia: Governmental bias and climate silence. Public Underst. Sci. , 24(1) , 96–111, doi:10.1177/0963662513517848.

Postic, S. and M. Fetet, 2020: Global Carbon Account in 2020. Institute for Climate Economics (I4CE), Paris, France, 4 pp. https://www.i4ce.org/download/global-carbon-account-in-2020/ (Accessed March 3. 2021).

Prasad, N. et al., 2009: Climate Resilient Cities: A Primer on Reducing Vulnerability to Disasters. World Bank, Washington, DC, USA, 186 pp.

Prendeville, S., E. Cherim, and N. Bocken, 2018: Circular Cities: Mapping Six Cities in Transition. Environ. Innov. Soc. Transitions, 26, 171–194, doi:10.1016/j.eist.2017.03.002.

Pretis, F., 2019: Does a Carbon Tax Reduce CO2 Emissions? Evidence From British Columbia. 52 pp. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10640-022-00679-w (Accessed October 18. 2021).

Prussi, M. et al., 2021: CORSIA: The first internationally adopted approach to calculate life-cycle GHG emissions for aviation fuels. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 150, 111398, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111398.

Pulver, S., 2007: Importing environmentalism: Explaining Petroleos Mexicanos’ cooperative climate policy. Stud. Comp. Int. Dev. , 42(3–4) , 233–255, doi:10.1007/s12116-007-9010-8.

Pulver, S. and T. Benney, 2013: Private‐sector responses to climate change in the Global South. WIREs Clim. Change, 4(6) , 479–496, doi:10.1002/wcc.240.

Puppim de Oliveira, J.A., 2013: Learning how to align climate, environmental and development objectives in cities: lessons from the implementation of climate co-benefits initiatives in urban Asia. J. Clean. Prod. , 58, 7–14, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.009.

Purdon, M., 2015: Advancing comparative climate change politics: Theory and method. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 15(3) , 1–26, doi:10.1162/GLEP_e_00309.

Pyrgou, A., A. Kylili, and P.A. Fokaides, 2016: The future of the Feed-in Tariff (FiT) scheme in Europe: The case of photovoltaics. Energy Policy, 95, 94–102, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.04.048.

Qi, Y. and T. Wu, 2013: The politics of climate change in China. WIREs Clim. Change, 4(4) , 301–313, doi:10.1002/wcc.221.

Qian, H., L. Wu, and W. Tang, 2017: ‘Lock-in’ effect of emission standard and its impact on the choice of market based instruments. Energy Econ. , 63, 41–50, doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2017.01.005.

Qian, H., Y. Zhou, and L. Wu, 2018: Evaluating various choices of sector coverage in China’s national emissions trading system (ETS). Clim. Policy, 18(sup1) , 7–26, doi:10.1080/14693062.2018.1464894.

Quak, H., N. Nesterova, and R. Kok, 2019: Public procurement as driver for more sustainable urban freight transport. Transp. Res. Procedia, 39, 428–439, doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2019.06.045.

Rabe, B., 2011: Contested Federalism and American Climate Policy. Publius J. Fed. , 41(3) , 494–521, doi:10.1093/publius/pjr017.

Rabe, B.G., 2007: Beyond Kyoto: Climate Change Policy in Multilevel Governance Systems. Governance, 20(3) , 423–444, doi:10.1111/j.1468-0491.2007.00365.x.

Rabe, B.G., 2018: Can we price carbon?MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 376 pp.

Rafaty, R., 2018: Perceptions of Corruption, Political Distrust, and the Weakening of Climate Policy. Glob. Environ. Polit. , 18(3) , 106–129, doi:10.1162/glep_a_00471.

Rafaty, R., G. Dolphin, and F. Pretis, 2020: Carbon pricing and the elasticity of CO2 emissions. Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, 76 pp, doi: 10.17863/CAM.62831 (Accessed October 18, 2021).

Raff, Z. and J.M. Walter, 2020: Regulatory Avoidance and Spillover: The Effects of Environmental Regulation on Emissions at Coal-Fired Power Plants. Environ. Resour. Econ. , 75(3) , 387–420, doi:10.1007/s10640-019-00394-z.

Ramos-Castillo, A., E.J. Castellanos, and K. Galloway McLean, 2017: Indigenous peoples, local communities and climate change mitigation. Clim. Change, 140(1) , doi:10.1007/s10584-016-1873-0.

Rashidi, K. and A. Patt, 2018: Subsistence over symbolism: the role of transnational municipal networks on cities’ climate policy innovation and adoption. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change, 23(4) , 507–523, doi:10.1007/s11027-017-9747-y.

Rasul, G. and B. Sharma, 2016: The nexus approach to water–energy–food security: an option for adaptation to climate change. Clim. Policy, 16(6) , 682–702, doi:10.1080/14693062.2015.1029865.

Räthzel, N., J. Cock, and D. Uzzell, 2018: Beyond the nature–labour divide: trade union responses to climate change in South Africa. Globalizations, 15(4) , 504–519, doi:10.1080/14747731.2018.1454678.

Raymond, C.M. et al., 2017: A framework for assessing and implementing the co-benefits of nature-based solutions in urban areas. Environ. Sci. Policy, 77 (June), 15–24, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2017.07.008.

Raymond, L., 2019: Policy perspective: Building political support for carbon pricing—Lessons from cap-and-trade policies. Energy Policy, 134(C) , 110986, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110986.

Reckien, D. et al., 2017: Climate change, equity and the Sustainable Development Goals: an urban perspective. Environ. Urban. , 29(1) , 159–182, doi:10.1177/0956247816677778.

Reckien, D. et al., 2018: How are cities planning to respond to climate change? Assessment of local climate plans from 885 cities in the EU-28. J. Clean. Prod. , 191, 207–219, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.220.

Reed, P., 2011: REDD+ and the Indigenous Question: A Case Study from Ecuador. Forests, 2(2) , 525–549, doi:10.3390/f2020525.

Rennkamp, B., 2019: Power, coalitions and institutional change in South African climate policy. Clim. Policy, 19(6) , 756–770, doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1591936.

Rentschler, J. and M. Bazilian, 2017: Reforming fossil fuel subsidies: drivers, barriers and the state of progress. Clim. Policy, 17(7) , 891–914, doi:10.1080/14693062.2016.1169393.

Rey, L., A. Markandya, M. González-Eguino, and P. Drummond, 2013: Assessing interaction between instruments and the ‘optimality’ of the current instrument mix. CECILIA250 Project, Brussels, Belgium, 73 pp. https://cecilia2050.eu/publications/171.

Rezessy, S. and P. Bertoldi, 2011: Voluntary agreements in the field of energy efficiency and emission reduction: Review and analysis of experiences in the European Union. Energy Policy, 39(11) , 7121–7129, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.08.030.

RGGI, 2019: The Investment of RGGI Proceeds in 2017. Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, Inc., New York, USA, 46 pp. https://www.rggi.org/sites/default/files/Uploads/Proceeds/RGGI_Proceeds_Report_2017.pdf .

Rhodes, E., J. Axsen, and M. Jaccard, 2017: Exploring Citizen Support for Different Types of Climate Policy. Ecol. Econ. , 137, 56–69, doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.02.027.

Rice, J.L., D.A. Cohen, J. Long, and J.R. Jurjevich, 2020: Contradictions of the Climate‐Friendly City: New Perspectives on Eco‐Gentrification and Housing Justice. Int. J. Urban Reg. Res. , 44(1) , 145–165, doi:10.1111/1468-2427.12740.

Richerzhagen, C. and I. Scholz, 2008: China’s Capacities for Mitigating Climate Change. World Dev. , 36(2) , 308–324, doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.06.010.

Rickards, L., J. Wiseman, and Y. Kashima, 2014: Barriers to effective climate change mitigation: The case of senior government and business decision makers. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change, 5(6) , 753–773, doi:10.1002/wcc.305.

Ridzuan, A.R. et al., 2019: The Impact of Corruption on Environmental Quality in the Developing Countries of ASEAN-3: The Application of the Bound Test. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy, 9(6) , 469–478, doi:10.32479/ijeep.8135.

Roberts, C. and F.W. Geels, 2019: Conditions for politically accelerated transitions: Historical institutionalism, the multi-level perspective, and two historical case studies in transport and agriculture. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 140, 221–240, doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2018.11.019.

Roberts, C. et al., 2018: The politics of accelerating low-carbon transitions: Towards a new research agenda. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 44, 304–311, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2018.06.001.

Roberts, D., 2010: Thinking Globally, Acting Locally: Institutionalising Climate Change within Durban’s Local Government . Cities Alliance Washington, DC, USA, 8 pp. https://www.citiesalliance.org/sites/default/files/CIVIS 3_June2010.pdf .

Roberts, D., 2020: Feed-in tariffs for renewable power and the role of auctions: the Chinese and global experience. China Econ. J. , 13(2) , 152–168, doi:10.1080/17538963.2020.1752494.

Roberts, D. et al., 2016: Durban, South Africa. In: Cities on a Finite Planet [Bartlett, S. and D. Satterthwaite, (eds.)]. Routledge, Oxon, UK and New York, USA, pp. 96–115.

Rocha, M. and C. Falduto, 2019: Key questions guiding the process of setting up long-term low-emissions development strategies. OECD Publishing, Paris, France, 1–52 pp.

Rockström, J. et al., 2017: A roadmap for rapid decarbonization. Science, 355(6331) , 1269–1271, doi:10.1126/science.aah3443.

Rodríguez-Garavito, C., 2020: Human Rights: The Global South’s Route to Climate Litigation. AJIL Unbound, 114, 40–44, doi:10.1017/aju.2020.4.

Roelfsema, M., 2017: Assessment of US City Reduction Commitments, from a Country Perspective. The Hague, The Netherlands, 26 pp,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mark-Roelfsema/publication/ 321920191_ASSESSMENT_OF_US_CITY_REDUCTION_COMMITMENTS_FROM_A_COUNTRY_PERSPECTIVE_Note_Mark_Roelfsema/links/5a3983cf458515889d2aca1c/ASSESSMENT-OF-US-CITY-REDUCTION-COMMITMENTS-FROM-A-COUNTRY-PERSPECTIVE-Note-Mark-Roelfsema.pdf (Accessed March 3, 2021).

Roelfsema, M., M. Harmsen, J.J.G. Olivier, A.F. Hof, and D.P. van Vuuren, 2018: Integrated assessment of international climate mitigation commitments outside the UNFCCC. Glob. Environ. Change, 48, 67–75, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.11.001.

Rogelj, J. et al., 2015: Energy system transformations for limiting end-of-century warming to below 1.5°C. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(6) , 519–527, doi:10.1038/nclimate2572.

Rogelj, J., O. Geden, A. Cowie, and A. Reisinger, 2021: Three ways to improve net-zero emissions targets. Nature, 591(7850) , 365–368, doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00662-3.

Rogge, K.S., 2019: Policy mixes for sustainable innovation: conceptual considerations and empirical insights. In: Handbook of Sustainable Innovation[Boons, F. and A. McMeekin, (eds.)]. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA, pp. 165–185.

Rogge, K.S. and K. Reichardt, 2016: Policy mixes for sustainability transitions: An extended concept and framework for analysis. Res. Policy, 45(8) , 1620–1635, doi:10.1016/j.respol.2016.04.004.

Rogge, K.S. and J. Schleich, 2018: Do policy mix characteristics matter for low-carbon innovation? A survey-based exploration of renewable power generation technologies in Germany. Res. Policy, 47(9) , 1639-1654, doi:10.1016/j.respol.2018.05.011.

Rogge, K.S., F. Kern, and M. Howlett, 2017: Conceptual and empirical advances in analysing policy mixes for energy transitions. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 33 (September), 1–10, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.09.025.

Rogner, H.-H. and K.-K. Leung, 2018: The Effectiveness of Foreign Aid for Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Mitigation. In: Aid Effectiveness for Environmental Sustainability[Huang, Y., and U. Pascual (eds.)]. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 81–124.

Rohlinger, D.A. and L.A. Bunnage, 2018: Collective identity in the digital age: thin and thick identities inmoveon.org and the Tea Party movement. Mobilization An Int. Q. , 23(2) , 135–157, doi:10.17813/1086-671X-23-2-135.

Romero-Lankao, P. and D. Gnatz, 2019: Risk Inequality and the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus: A Study of 43 City Adaptation Plans. Front. Sociol. , 4, pp. 31, doi:10.3389/fsoc.2019.00031.

Romero-Lankao, P. and E. Nobler, 2021: Energy Justice: Key Concepts and Metrics Relevant to EERE Transportation Projects. 15 pp. https://afdc.energy.gov/files/pdfs/energy-justice-key-concepts.pdf (Accessed October 7, 2021).

Romero-Lankao, P., S. Hughes, A. Rosas-Huerta, R. Borquez, and D.M. Gnatz, 2013: Institutional Capacity for Climate Change Responses: An Examination of Construction and Pathways in Mexico City and Santiago. Environ. Plan. C Gov. Policy, 31(5) , 785–805, doi:10.1068/c12173.

Romero-Lankao, P. et al., 2015: Multilevel Governance and Institutional Capacity for Climate Change Responses in Latin American Cities. In: The Urban Climate Challenge Rethinking the Role of Cities in the Global Climate Regime[Johnson, C., N. Toly, and H. Schroeder, (eds.)]. Routledge, New York, NY, USA, pp. 179–204.

Romero-Lankao, P., D. Gnatz, O. Wilhelmi, and M. Hayden, 2016: Urban Sustainability and Resilience: From Theory to Practice. Sustainability, 8(12) , 1224, doi:10.3390/su8121224.

Romero-Lankao, P., T. McPhearson, and D. Davidson, 2017: The food-energy-water nexus and urban complexity. Nat. Clim Change, 7, 233–235, doi:10.1038/nclimate3260.

Romero-Lankao, P. et al., 2018a: Governance and Policy. In: Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network[Rosenzweig, C., W.D. Solecki, P. Romero-Lankao, S. Mehrotra, S. Dhakal, and S.A. Ibrahim (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 585–606.

Romero-Lankao, P. et al., 2018b: Urban transformative potential in a changing climate. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(9) , 754–756, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0264-0.

Romero-Lankao, P. et al., 2021: Of actors, cities and energy systems: advancing the transformative potential of urban electrification. Prog. Energy, 3(3) , 032002, doi:10.1088/2516-1083/abfa25.

Romero Lankao, P. et al., 2019: Urban Electrification: Knowledge Pathway Toward an Integrated Research and Development Agenda. SSRN Electron. J. , doi:10.2139/ssrn.3440283.

Roppongi, H., A. Suwa, and J.A. Puppim De Oliveira, 2017: Innovating in sub-national climate policy: the mandatory emissions reduction scheme in Tokyo. Clim. Policy, 17(4) , 516–532, doi:10.1080/14693062.2015.1124749.

Rosenbloom, D., 2018: Framing low-carbon pathways: A discursive analysis of contending storylines surrounding the phase-out of coal-fired power in Ontario. Environ. Innov. Soc. Transitions, 27 (November 2017), 129–145, doi:10.1016/j.eist.2017.11.003.

Rosenbloom, D. and A. Rinscheid, 2020: Deliberate decline: An emerging frontier for the study and practice of decarbonization. WIREs Clim. Change, 11(6) , e669, doi:10.1002/wcc.669.

Rosenbloom, D., B. Haley, and J. Meadowcroft, 2018: Critical choices and the politics of decarbonization pathways: Exploring branching points surrounding low-carbon transitions in Canadian electricity systems. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 37, 22–36, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.09.022.

Rosenbloom, D., J. Meadowcroft, and B. Cashore, 2019: Stability and climate policy? Harnessing insights on path dependence, policy feedback, and transition pathways. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 50, 168–178, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2018.12.009.

Rosenbloom, D., J. Markard, F.W. Geels, and L. Fuenfschilling, 2020: Opinion: Why carbon pricing is not sufficient to mitigate climate change—and how ‘sustainability transition policy’ can help. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 117(16) , 8664–8668, doi:10.1073/pnas.2004093117.

Rosendahl, K.E. and J. Strand, 2011: Carbon Leakage from the Clean Development Mechanism. Energy J. , 32(4) , doi:10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol32-No4-3.

Rosenow, J., T. Fawcett, N. Eyre, and V. Oikonomou, 2016: Energy efficiency and the policy mix. Build. Res. Inf. , 44(5–6) , 562–574, doi:10.1080/09613218.2016.1138803.

Röser, F., O. Widerberg, N. Höhne, and T. Day, 2020: Ambition in the making: analysing the preparation and implementation process of the Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement. Clim. Policy, 20(4) , 415–429, doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1708697.

Routledge, P., A. Cumbers, and K.D. Derickson, 2018: States of just transition: Realising climate justice through and against the state. Geoforum, 88, 78–86, doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.11.015.

Roy, J., P. Tschakert, H. Waisman, S. Abdul Halim, P. Antwi-Agyei, P. Dasgupta, B. Hayward, M. Kanninen, D. Liverman, C. Okereke, P.F. Pinho, K. Riahi, and A.G. Suarez Rodriguez, 2018: Sustainable Development, Poverty Eradication and Reducing Inequalities. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty[Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, NY, USA, pp. 445–538.

Roy, S. and E. Woerdman, 2016: Situating Urgenda v the Netherlands within comparative climate change litigation. J. Energy Nat. Resour. Law, 34(2) , 165–189, doi:10.1080/02646811.2016.1132825.

Rubio, F., 2017: Ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change: concept, scalability and a role for conservation science. Perspect. Ecol. Conserv. , 15(2) , 65–73, doi:10.1016/j.pecon.2017.05.003.

Rucht, D., 1999: The impact of environmental movements in Western Societies. In: How Social Movements Matter[Guigni, M., D. McAdam, and C. Tilly, (eds.)]. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, USA, pp. 204–224.

Rumble, O., 2019: Climate change legislative development on the African continent. In: Law | Environment | Africa: Publication of the 5th Symposium | 4th Scientific Conference | 2018 of the Association of Environmental Law Lecturers from African Universities in cooperation with the Climate Policy and Energy Security Programme for Sub-Saharan Africa of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung and UN Environment [Kameri-Mbote, P., A. Paterson, O.C. Ruppel, B.B. Orubebe, and E.D. Kam Yogo, (eds.)]. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, Baden-Baden, Germany, pp. 31–60.

Runhaar, H., B. Wilk, Å. Persson, C. Uittenbroek, and C. Wamsler, 2018: Mainstreaming climate adaptation: taking stock about ‘what works’ from empirical research worldwide. Reg. Environ. Change, 18(4) , 201–1210, doi:10.1007/s10113-017-1259-5.

Ryan, D., 2015: From commitment to action: a literature review on climate policy implementation at city level. Clim. Change, 131(4) , 519–529, doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1402-6.

Ryder, S.S., 2018: Developing an intersectionally-informed, multi-sited, critical policy ethnography to examine power and procedural justice in multiscalar energy and climate change decision-making processes. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 45, 266–275, doi:10.1016/j.erss.2018.08.005.

Rydin, Y., 2013: The Future of Planning Beyond Growth Dependence. Policy Press, Bristol, UK, 208 pp.

Sachs, N., 2012: Can We Regulate Our Way to Energy Efficiency: Product Standards as Climate Policy. Vanderbilt Law Rev. , 65 (6) , 1631–1678.

Saelim, S., 2019: Carbon tax incidence on household demand: Effects on welfare, income inequality and poverty incidence in Thailand. J. Clean. Prod. , 234, 521–533, doi:10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2019.06.218.

Sahli, I. and J. Ben Rejeb, 2015: The Environmental Kuznets Curve and Corruption in the Mena Region. Procedia – Soc. Behav. Sci. , 195, 1648–1657, doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.231.

Saito, N., 2013: Mainstreaming climate change adaptation in least developed countries in South and Southeast Asia. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change, 18(6) , 825–849, doi:10.1007/s11027-012-9392-4.

Sallee, J.M., 2019: Pigou creates losers: On the implausibility of achieving Pareto improvements from efficiency-enhancing policies. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA, 49 pp. https://haas.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/WP302.pdf .

Sandover, R., A. Moseley, and P. Devine-Wright, 2021: Contrasting Views of Citizens’ Assemblies: Stakeholder Perceptions of Public Deliberation on Climate Change. Polit. Gov. , 9(2) , 76–86, doi:10.17645/pag.v9i2.4019.

Santamouris, M., 2014: Cooling the cities – a review of reflective and green roof mitigation technologies to fight heat island and improve comfort in urban environments. Sol. Energy, 103, 682–703, doi:10.1016/j.solener.2012.07.003.

Santos-lacueva, R. and M.V. González, 2018: Policy coherence between tourism and climate policies: the case of Spain and the Autonomous Community of Catalonia. J. Sustain. Tour. , 26(10) , 1708–1727, doi:10.1080/09669582.2018.1503672.

Sato, I. and J.-C. Altamirano, 2019: Uncertainty, Scenario Analysis, and Long-Term Strategies: State of Play and a Way Forward. 1–44 pp. https://files.wri.org/s3fs-public/uncertainty-scenario-analysis-long-term-strategies.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2021).

Saunders, C., M. Grasso, C. Olcese, E. Rainsford, and C. Rootes, 2012: Explaining Differential Protest Participation: Novices, Returners, Repeaters, and Stalwarts. Mobilization An Int. Q. , 17(3) , 263–280, doi:10.17813/maiq.17.3.bqm553573058t478.

Saunders, C., M. Büchs, A. Papafragkou, R. Wallbridge, and G. Smith, 2014: Beyond the Activist Ghetto: A Deductive Blockmodelling Approach to Understanding the Relationship between Contact with Environmental Organisations and Public Attitudes and Behaviour. Soc. Mov. Stud. , 13(1) , 158–177, doi:10.1080/14742837.2013.832623.

Savaresi, A. and J. Auz, 2019: Climate Change Litigation and Human Rights: Pushing the Boundaries. Clim. Law, 9(3) , 244–262, doi:10.1163/18786561-00903006.

Savaresi, A. and J. Setzer, 2021: Rights-based litigation in the climate emergency: mapping the landscape and new knowledge frontiers. J. Hum. Rights Environ. , 3(1) , 7–34.

Schäfer, M.S. and I. Schlichting, 2014: Media Representations of Climate Change: A Meta-Analysis of the Research Field. Environ. Commun. , 8(2) , 142–160, doi:10.1080/17524032.2014.914050.

Schäfer, M.S. and J. Painter, 2021: Climate journalism in a changing media ecosystem: Assessing the production of climate change‐related news around the world. WIREs Clim. Change, 12(1) , doi:10.1002/wcc.675.