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Special Report on Climate Change and Land – Full
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Special Report on Climate Change and Land – Trailer
Menu
About
Authors
Foreword
Preface
Headline Statements
Technical Summary
Cite Report
Frequently Asked Questions
Annexes
Resources
Press
Video Library
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Report Home
Summary for Policymakers
SPM
Chapter TS
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter A-I
Chapter A-II
Chapter A-III
Chapter A-IV
Chapter A-V
Summary for Policymakers
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1
Introduction
A
People, land and climate in a warming world
B
Adaptation and mitigation response options
C
Enabling response options
D
Action in the near-term
+
Acknowledgements
+
Citation
+
SPM in UN Languages
Technical Summary
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Framing and Context
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ES
Executive Summary
1.1
Introduction and scope of the report
1.1.1
Objectives and scope of the assessment
1.1.2
Status and dynamics of the (global) land system
1.1.2.1
1.1.2.1 Land ecosystems and climate change
1.1.2.2
Current patterns of land use and land cover
1.1.2.3
Past and ongoing trends
1.2
Key challenges related to land use change
1.2.1
Land system change, land degradation, desertification and food security
1.2.1.1
Future trends in the global land system
1.2.1.2
Land degradation
1.2.1.3
Desertification
1.2.1.4
Food security, food systems and linkages to land-based ecosystems
1.2.1.5
Challenges arising from land governance
1.2.2
Progress in dealing with uncertainties in assessing land processes in the climate system
1.2.2.1
Concepts related to risk, uncertainty and confidence
1.2.2.2
Nature and scope of uncertainties related to land use
1.2.2.3
Uncertainties in decision-making
1.3
Response options to the key challenges
1.3.1
Targeted decarbonisation relying on large land-area need
1.3.2
Land management
1.3.2.1
Agricultural, forest and soil management
1.3.3
Value chain management
1.3.3.1
Supply management
1.3.3.2
Demand management
1.3.4
Risk management
1.3.5
Economics of land-based mitigation pathways: Costs versus benefits of early action under uncertainty
1.3.6
Adaptation measures and scope for co-benefits with mitigation
1.4
Enabling the response
1.4.1
Governance to enable the response
1.4.2
Gender agency as a critical factor in climate and land sustainability outcomes
1.4.3
Policy instruments
1.4.3.1
Legal and regulatory instruments
1.4.3.2
Economic and financial instruments
1.4.3.3
Rights-based instruments and customary norms
1.4.3.4
Social and cultural norms
1.5
The interdisciplinary nature of the SRCCL
Land–Climate interactions
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Executive Summary
2.1 Introduction: Land–climate interactions
2.1.1
Recap of previous IPCC and other relevant reports as baselines
2.1.2
Introduction to the chapter structure
2.2 The effect of climate variability and change on land
2.3 Greenhouse gas fluxes between land and atmosphere
2.3.1
Carbon dioxide
2.3.1.1
The total net flux of CO2 between land and atmosphere
2.3.1.2
Separation of the total net land flux into AFOLU fluxes and the land sink
2.3.1.3
Gross emissions and removals contributing to AFOLU emissions
2.3.1.4
Gross emissions and removals contributing to the non-anthropogenic land sink
2.3.1.5
Potential impact of mitigation on atmospheric CO
2
concentrations
2.3.2
Methane
2.3.2.1
Atmospheric trends
2.3.2.2
Land use effects
2.3.3
Nitrous oxide
2.4 Emissions and impacts of short-lived climate forcers (SLCF) from land
2.4.1
Mineral dust
2.4.1.1
Mineral dust as a short-lived climate forcer from land
2.4.1.2
Effects of past climate change on dust emissions and feedbacks
2.4.1.3
Future changes of dust emissions
2.4.2
Carbonaceous aerosols
2.4.3
Biogenic volatile organic compounds
2.4.3.1
BVOC precursors of short-lived climate forcers from land
2.4.3.2
Historical changes of BVOCs and contribution to climate change
2.4.3.3
Future changes of BVOCs
2.5 Land impacts on climate and weather through biophysical and GHG effects
2.5.1
Impacts of historical and future anthropogenic land cover changes
2.5.2
Impacts of specific land use changes
2.5.2.1
Impacts of deforestation and forestation
2.5.2.2
Impacts of changes in land management
2.5.3
Amplifying/dampening climate changes via land responses
2.5.3.1 Effects of changes in land cover and productivity resulting from global warming
2.5.3.2 Feedbacks to climate from high-latitude land-surface changes
2.5.3.3 Feedbacks related to changes in soil moisture resulting from global warming
2.5.4
Non-local and downwind effects resulting from changes in land cover
2.6 Climate consequences of response options
2.6.1
Climate impacts of individual response options
2.6.2
Integrated pathways for climate change mitigation
2.6.3
The contribution of response options to the Paris Agreement
2.7 Plant and soil processes underlying land–climate interactions
Desertification
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Land Degradation
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Food Security
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Interlinkages between desertification, land degradation, food security and GHG fluxes: synergies, trade-offs and integrated response options
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Risk management and decision making in relation to sustainable development
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Annex-I Glossary
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Annex-II Acronyms
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Annex-III Contributors
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Annex-IV Reviewers
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Annex-V Index
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