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Chapter 44.44.4.1

4.4.1.2International governance

… Paris Agreement and the Montreal Protocol. Other multilateral and bilateral agreements, such as trade agreements, also have a bearing on climate change . There are significant differences between global mitigation and adaptation governance frames. Mitigation tends to be global by its nature and …

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Chapter 44.44.4.1

4.4.1.1Institutions and their capacity to invoke far-reaching and rapid change

… Participation often faces implementation challenges and may not always result in better policy outcomes. Stakeholders, for example, may not view climate change as a priority and may not share the same preferences, potentially creating a policy deadlock (Preston et al., 2013, 2015; …

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Chapter 44.4

4.4.1Enhancing Multilevel Governance

Addressing climate change and implementing responses to 1.5°C-consistent pathways would require engagement between various levels and types of governance (Betsill and Bulkeley, 2006; …

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Chapter 4

4.4Implementing Far-Reaching and Rapid Change

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Cross-Chapter Box 10: Solar Radiation Modification in the Context of 1.5°C Mitigation Pathways

… by the richer nations, there might be issues with local agency, and possibly worsening conditions for those suffering most under climate change (Buck et al., 2014). In addition, ethical issues related to testing SRM have been raised (e.g., Lenferna et al., …

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Chapter 44.3

4.3.8Solar Radiation Modification (SRM)

SRM could reduce some of the global risks of climate change related to temperature rise (Izrael et al., 2014; MacMartin et al., 2014), rate of sea level rise (Moore et …

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Chapter 44.34.3.7

4.3.7.6Ocean fertilization

… sinks could reverse (C.D. Jones et al., 2016)  No robust assessments yet of the effectiveness of CDR in reverting climate change (Tokarska and Zickfeld, 2015; Wu et al., 2015; Keller et al., 2018) , see also Chapter 2, Section 2.2.2.2.

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Chapter 44.34.3.7

4.3.7.2 Afforestation and reforestation (AR)

… time of CO2 stored geologically (Smith et al., 2016a) and is subject to disturbances that can be exacerbated by climate change (e.g., drought, forest fires and pests) (Seidl et al., 2017). Handling these challenges requires careful forest management. There is …

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Chapter 44.34.3.3

4.3.3.7Green urban infrastructure and ecosystem services

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Chapter 44.34.3.3

4.3.3.3Urban transport and urban planning

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