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Cross-Chapter Box 9: Risks, Adaptation Interventions, and Implications for Sustainable Development and Equity Across Four Social-Ecological Systems: Arctic, Caribbean, Amazon, and Urban

… management systems, improving flexibility in collaborative processes, implementing monitoring programs, and increasing the capacity of local authorities. Implementation of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can contribute to addressing the risks related with extreme events (Chapter …

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Cross-Chapter Box 8: 1.5°C Warmer Worlds

… emissions up to peak warming (relative to 2016) d[GtCO2] 610–760 590–750 1150–1460 1130–1470 Cumulative CO2 emissions up to 2100 (relative to 2016)d [GtCO2] 170–560 1030–1440 Global GHG emissions in 2030 d [GtCO2 y-1] 19–23 31–38 Years of global net zero CO2 emissionsd 2055–2066 2082–2090 Possible climate range at peak warming (regional+global) Global mean temperature anomaly at peak …

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Cross-Chapter Box 6: Food Security

… Chapter 1). Goal 2 of the SDGs is to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030 . This goal builds on the first millennium development goal (MDG 1); which focused on eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, …

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Box 3.5: Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

… 2016; Karnauskas et al., 2016). For several SIDS, approximately 25% of the overall freshwater stress projected under 2°C at 2030 could be avoided by limiting global warming to 1.5°C (Karnauskas et al., 2018). In accordance with an overall drying …

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Chapter 44.44.4.5

4.4.5.6Towards integrated policy packages and innovative forms of financial cooperation

… manage urban dynamics (Cartwright, 2015). They would help, for example, in raising the 4.5–5.4 trillion USD yr−1 from 2015 to 2030 announced by the Cities Climate Finance Leadership Alliance (CCFLA, 2016) to achieve the commitments by the Covenant of Mayors …

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Chapter 44.44.4.5

4.4.5.5Financial challenge for basic needs and adaptation finance

… number=1442]. The UNEP (2016) estimate of investment needs on adaptation in developing countries between 140–300 billion USD yr−1 in 2030 , a major part being investment expenditures that are complementary with SDG-related investments focused on universal access to infrastructure and …

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Chapter 44.44.4.5

4.4.5.1The core challenge: cost-efficiency, coordination of expectations and distributive effects

… sectors. The envelope of worldwide marginal abatement costs for 1.5°C-consistent pathways reported in Chapter 2 is 135–5500 USD2010 tCO2−1 in 2030 and 245–13000 USD2010 tCO2−1 in 2050, which is between three to four times higher than for a 2°C limit. These figures …

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Cross-Chapter Box 11: Consistency Between Nationally Determined Contributions and 1.5°C Scenarios

… the NDCs represent an improvement compared to business as usual (Rogelj et al., 2016) and current policies scenarios to 2030 (den Elzen et al., 2016; Vrontisi et al., 2018). Most G20 economies would require new policies and actions to …

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Chapter 44.34.3.7

4.3.7.2 Afforestation and reforestation (AR)

… nutrients and the energy requirement would be negligible (Smith et al., 2016b; Cross-Chapter Box 7 in Chapter 3). The 2030 estimate by Griscom et al. (2017) is up to 17.9 GtCO2 yr−1 for reforestation with significant co-benefits (Cross-Chapter Box …

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Chapter 44.34.3.7

4.3.7.1Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)

… 1.5°C with limited or no overshoot indicates that 0–1, 0–8, and 0–16 GtCO2 yr−1 would be removed by BECCS by 2030 , 2050 and 2100, respectively (Chapter 2, Section 2.3.4). BECCS is constrained by sustainable bioenergy potentials (Section 4.3.1.2, Chapter 5, …

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