Box 7.7, Figure 1

Box 7.7, Figure 1 | Emissions associated with primary biomass supply in 2050 (residues and crops grown on cropland not needed for food), as determined from sectoral models (Daioglou et al. 2017; Kalt et al. 2020), and stylised scenarios from the EMF-33 project using Integrated Assessment Models (Rose et al. 2020). All methods include LUC (direct and indirect) emissions. Emissions associated with Natural Regrowth include counterfactual carbon fluxes (see text). The sectoral models include a more detailed representation of the emissions, including lifecycle emissions from fertiliser production. IAM models may include economic feedbacks such as intensification as a result of increasing prices. As an indication: for natural gas the emission factor is around 56, for coal around 95 kgCO2 GJ–1.