Figure 11.8

Figure 11.8 | Energy efficiency indicators for basic material production. Energy accounting is based on final energy use. Sectoral boundaries for steel are as defined in IEA (2020c).Sources: calculated based on UNIDO (2010); Saygin et al. (2011); Hasanbeigi et al. (2012); Moya and Pardo (2013); Napp et al. (2014); WBCSD (2016); IEA (2017, 2018b); IEA and WBCSD (2018); IEA (2019b, 2020c); Crijns-Graus et al. (2020); IEA (2020b); International Aluminium Institute (2020).