Figure 10.9

Figure 10.9 | Life cycle costs for internal combustion engine vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles for heavy-duty trucks and freight rail. The range of efficiencies for each vehicle type are consistent with the range of efficiencies in Figure 10.8. The results for ICEV can be used to evaluate the lifecycle costs of ICE trucks and freight rail operated with any form of diesel, whether from petroleum, synthetic hydrocarbons, or biofuels, as the range of efficiencies of vehicles operating with all these fuels is similar. The secondary y-axis depicts the cost of the different energy carriers normalised in USD per GJ for easier cross-comparability.