Figure Box 3.2.1 | Hazard assessment for marine birds and mammals. Number of (a) marine birds and (b) mammals currently impacted by different hazards (blue), and numbers of additional species expected to be exposed to these threats over the next 50–100 years (red), as assessed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List (IUCN, 2020). Seabird species include species in the key orders Sphenisciformes, Pelecaniformes, Suliformes, Anseriformes, Procellariiformes and Charadriiformes categorised as inhabitants of marine ecosystems (n = 483 species, assessed in the period 2016–2019). Marine mammal species include the species reviewed by Lusseau et al. (2021) (n = 136 species, assessed in the period 2008–2019).