FAQ 10.2, Figure 1 | Efficiency of the various factors at warming up or cooling down neighbourhoods of urban areas. Overall, cities tend to be warmer than their surroundings. This is called the ‘urban heat island’ effect. The hatched areas on the bars show how the strength of the warming or cooling effects of each factor varies depending on the local climate. For example, vegetation has a stronger cooling effect in temperate and warm climates. Further details on data sources are available in the chapter data table (Table 10.SM.11).